Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the first-line immunosuppressant used for the management of solid organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Nephrotoxicity is the major limitation of CsA use. Recent evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in mediating CsA-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity. Taurine, the major intracellular free beta-amino acid, is known to b...

Marked hyperuricemia is known to cause acute renal failure via intrarenal crystal deposition. However, recent studies suggest mild hyperuricemia may have vasoactive and proinflammatory effects independent of crystal formation. We therefore tested the hypothesis that mild hyperuricemia might exacerbate renal injury and dysfunction in a model of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in the rat. C...

Using Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1)-deficient mice, the pathophysiological role of Ca2+ overload via the reverse mode of NCX1 in ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury was investigated. Because NCX1(-/-) homozygous mice die of heart failure before birth, we used NCX1(+/-) heterozygous mice. NCX1 protein in the kidney of heterozygous mice decreased to about half of that of wild-type mice. Express...

Significant improvements have been noted in heart transplantation with the advent of cyclosporine. However, cyclosporine use is associated with significant side effects, such as chronic renal failure. We were interested in evaluating the incidence of long-term renal dysfunction in heart transplant recipients. Fifty-three heart transplant recipients were enrolled in the study. Forty-three patien...

Aldosterone (Aldo) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and although Aldo directly induces renal tubular cell injury, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently been implicated in various kinds of CKD. The present study hypothesized that mitochondrial ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome mediated Al...

Inflammation and renal tubular injury are major features of acute kidney injury (AKI). Many cytokines and chemokines are released from injured tubular cells and acts as proinflammatory mediators. However, the role of IL-19 in the pathogenesis of AKI is not defined yet. In bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced and HgCl2-induced AKI animal models, real-time quantitative (RTQ)-...

acute renal damage mainly develops following toxic or ischemic insults and is defined as acute. these damages have largely been attributed to oxidative stress. recently much attention has been directed toward decreased renal tubular cell regeneration during tubular cell injury. antioxidants have recently been the focus of researchers and scientists for prevention and treatment of various oxidat...

BACKGROUND Cyclosporin A (CsA) nephrotoxicity has been attributed primarily to renal haemodynamic alterations caused by afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. However, CsA nephropathy is also characterized by CsA-induced pre-glomerular disturbances and interstitial injury that may occur independently of haemodynamic changes. Given the high lipophilic activity of CsA, we hypothesized that direct ...

introduction renal tubular acidosis (rta) is a non-uremic defects of urinary acidification. it is characterized by a normal anion gap hyperchloremic  metabolic acidosis; plasma potassium may be normal, low or high-depending on the type of rta. these syndromes differ from uremic acidosis which is associated with a high anion gap, decreased glomerular filtration with enhanced proton secretion by ...

Objective. Cyclosporine (CsA) causes tubular dysfunction characterized by polyuria, calcium wasting, distal tubular acidosis, and hyperkalemia. The hypercalciuria induced by CsA administration is associated with an inhibition of calbindin D28k expression. It has also been shown that chronic metabolic alkalosis increased the expression of Ca transport proteins accompanied by diminished urine Ca ...