Accurate measurement of workplace respirable dust concentration is an essential step in eliminating lung disease in any occupational setting. In the United States (U.S.) coal mining industry, this measurement process has relied upon a personal sampler that includes a 10 mm Dorr-Oliver (DO) nylon cyclone operated at a flow rate of 2.0 L min-1 to collect a respirable dust sample. Dust concentrati...

AIMS To develop a job-exposure matrix (JEM) from personal and static respirable crystalline silica (RCS) measurements in UK industrial silica sand workers. METHODS A total of 2429 personal and 583 static RCS dust samples were collected using cyclone samplers at seven UK quarries between 1978 and 2000. These data were combined, and analysis of variance using general linear models was used to e...

Accurate exposure assessment to airborne fungi in agricultural environments is essential for estimating the associated occupational health hazards of workers. The objective of this pilot study was to compare personal and stationary sampling for assessing farmers' exposure to airborne fungi in 3 different agricultural confinements located in Ohio, USA (hog farm, dairy farm, and grain farm), usin...

Contributions of biologists to tropical cyclone research may improve by integrating concepts from other disciplines. Employing accumulated cyclone energy into protocols may foster greater integration of ecology and meteorology research. Considering experienced ecosystems as antifragile instead of just resilient may improve cross-referencing among ecological and social scientists. Quantifying ec...

Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to demonstrate the use of passive samplers for soil vapor concentration monitoring. Five different passive samplers were studied (Radiello, SKC Ultra, Waterloo Membrane Sampler, ATD tubes and 3M OVM 3500). Ten different volatile organic compounds were used of varying classes (chlorinated ethanes, ethanes, and methanes, aliphatics and aromatics) a...

Over the global tropics, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (Madden and Julian 1994, MJO) explains a significant amount of the variability in circulation and convection on intraseasonal time scales. However, significant variation exists in the spatial extent and seasonal occurrence of the MJO. While the upper-level divergent flow associated with MJO is often traced around the globe, the low-level wi...

Designing an effective sampling program and accurately interpreting the results requires a knowledge of the sampling characteristics of the various devices which might be used, but such knowledge is lacking for invertebrate samplers that can be used in heavily vegetated wetlands. We evaluated the sampling characteristics of 8 invertebrate samplers in vegetated habitats by employing them side-by...

gonu storm was formed in tropical basin of indian ocean early in june 2007. gonu is the strongest tropical cyclone that happened in arabian sea and north indian ocean and moved toward oman sea and persian gulf and bouncing the lands around the area. this tropical cyclone made extensive damages and human and financial causalities to countries of oman, iran, afghanistan, pakistan, and india. in t...