PURPOSE In the present study, we examined the expression of a multifunctional cytokine, interleukin 8 (IL-8), and its receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, in human colon carcinoma cells with different metastatic potentials and determined their role in modulating phenotypes associated with metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IL-8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 protein and mRNA expression were examined using ELISA, immu...

BACKGROUND Although several studies suggest that genetic factors are associated with human UTI susceptibility, the role of DNA variation in regulating early in vivo urine inflammatory responses has not been fully examined. We examined whether candidate gene polymorphisms were associated with altered urine inflammatory profiles in asymptomatic women with or without bacteriuria. METHODOLOGY We ...

The CXCR1 receptor and chemokine CXCL8 (IL-8) support neutrophil-dependent clearance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli from the urinary tract. CXCR1 is reduced in children prone to pyelonephritis, and heterozygous hCXCR1 polymorphisms are more common in this patient group than in healthy individuals, strongly suggesting a disease association. Since murine CXCR2 (mCXCR2) is functionally similar ...

Water plays a fundamental role in the folding, structure, dynamics, and function of proteins and peptides. The extracellular N-terminal domain of chemokine receptors is crucial in mediating binding affinity, receptor selectivity, and regulating function. The flexible N-terminal domain becomes ordered in membranes and membrane-mimetic assemblies, thereby indicating that the membrane could play a...

Interleukin (IL)-8 is a C-X-C chemokine that plays an important role in acute inflammation through its G protein-coupled receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-8 as an autocrine regulator of IL-8 production and the signaling mechanisms involved in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs). Sepharose-immobilized IL-8 stimulated a sevenfold increase in IL-8...

PMN are critical to innate immunity and are fundamental to antibacterial defense. To localize to sites of infection, PMN possess receptors that detect chemoattractant stimuli elicited at the site, such as chemokines, complement split products, or bioactive lipids. Signaling through these receptors stimulates chemotaxis toward the site of infection but also activates a number of biochemical proc...

Chemokines and their receptors have been associated with or implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the identification of a single specific chemokine/receptor pathway that may constitute a suitable target for the development of therapeutic interventions is still lacking. Here, we used multiple low-dose (MLD) streptozotocin (STZ) injections and the NOD mouse model to investi...

The phospholipids sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) act via transmembrane receptors S1P 1-5 and LPA 1-3, respectively. Both have been implicated in inflammatory responses. S1P and LPA receptor profiles on neutrophils of patients with pneumonia compared with healthy subjects were determined by PCR and Western blotting. Chemotaxis studies were performed to assess funct...

CXC chemokine receptors 1 (CXCR1) play a key role in inflammatory response and eventual activation of the innate immunity. Mastitis is a big problem in dairy industry. In the presented study the bovine CXCR1 gene was considered a candidate gene of anti-mastitis defense in Chinese Holsteins. Polymorphism of bovine CXCR1 was investigated and its associations with Somatic Cell Scores (SCS) and mil...

Rationale Influenza A infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide especially when associated with secondary pneumococcal infections. Inflammation is important to control pathogen proliferation but may also cause tissue injury and death. CXCR1/2 are chemokine receptors relevant for the recruitment of neutrophils. We investigated the role of CXCR1/2 during influenza, pneum...