background: gossypium arboreum is resistant to cotton leaf curl burewala virus and its cognate cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcubuv and clcumb). however, the g. arboreum wax deficient mutant (gawm3) is susceptible to clcuv. therefore, epicuticular wax was characterized both quantitatively and qualitatively for its role as physical barrier against whitefly mediated viral transmission a...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of a training method to increase voluntary recruitment of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles. Forty volunteers were assigned to either a Control or an Experimental Group. Training consisted of multisensory (auditory, tactile, visual, and kinesthetic) cuing focused on the lower abdominal muscles during the slow curl-back (eccen...

We study extensions of piecewise polynomial data prescribed in a patch tetrahedra sharing an edge. show stability the sense that minimizers over spaces with tangential component jumps across faces and curl elements are subordinate broken energy norm to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="bold-italic upper H left-parenthes...

The transfer of atmospheric kinetic energy to the ocean is one major concerns in climate research. According previous studies, work wind stress on oceanic mesoscale eddy negative most oceans, referred as “eddy killing”. However, another recent work, finds that an varies with interaction time. To better understand eddies, present study uses satellite remote sensing data and from 2000 2021 invest...

Our purpose is to detect ocean surface features, specifically oceanic thermal fronts, through analysis of SAR (synthetic aperture radar)-derived wind stress fields. Fine-resolution measurements of near-surface wind speeds over the Gulf Stream region of the Northwest Atlantic were made using SAR images collected by RADARSAT-2. Linear statistical relationships between the wind stress curl and div...

Given a sequence of Galerkin spaces Xh of curl conforming vector fields, we state necessary and sufficient conditions under which it is true that the scalar product uh ·uh of two sequences of vector fields uh, uh ∈ Xh converging weakly in L, converges in the sense of distributions to the right limit, whenever uh is discrete divergence free and curluh is precompact in H−1. The conditions on Xh a...

Immunogold double-labeling and ultrathin cryosections were used to compare the subcellular distribution of albumin, mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR), galactosyltransferase, and the lysosomal enzymes cathepsin D, beta-hexosaminidase, and alpha-glucosidase in Hep G2 cells. MPR and lysosomal enzymes were found throughout the stack of Golgi cisternae and in a trans-Golgi reticulum (TGR) of smooth...

This paper deals with the Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition of a vector field in bounded domain. We present a practical algorithm to compute this decomposition in the context of divergence-free and curl-free wavelets satisfying suitable boundary conditions. The method requires the inversion of divergence-free and curl-free wavelet Gram matrices. We propose an optimal preconditioning which allows to...

The eigenvalues and eigenspaces of some discrete divand curl-related operators are investigated. The discrete operators give some good discrete analogues of the continuous counterparts and play an important role in developing finite volume schemes for solving div-curl equations and electromagnetic systems. Knowledge of the eigenvalues and eigenspaces is very useful in the numerical analysis of ...