Peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases associated with bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are thought to generate localized lesions in the PG layer to facilitate assembly of the translocation channel. The pheromone-responsive plasmid pCF10 of Enterococcus faecalis encodes a putative cell wall hydrolase, PrgK, and here we report that a prgK deletion abolished functionality of the pCF10-encoded T...

While many migratory marine organisms converge at breeding areas, identifying foraging strategies away from these reproductive sites can be challenging. Adult female green turtles Chelonia mydas regularly migrate thousands of kilometers between nesting and foraging areas, making it difficult to identify foraging habitats that support nesting populations and to understand their feeding strategie...

The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and publication does not imply their endorsement by CSIA or Harvard University. This paper may be reproduced for personal and classroom use. Any other reproduction is not permitted without written permission of the Center for Science and International Affairs. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The effect of public policies on technological change may,...

In the present study, we assessed if different legacy and novel molecular analyses approaches can detect trace prohibited bovine material in insects reared to produce processed animal protein (PAP). Newly hatched black soldier fly (BSF) larvae were fed one of four diets for seven days; a control feeding medium (Ctl), feed spiked with hemoglobin powder (BvHb) at 1% (wet weight, w/w) (BvHb 1%, w/...

Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of individual amino acids (CSIA-AA) has emerged as a transformative approach to estimate consumer trophic positions (TPCSIA) that are internally indexed primary producer nitrogen baselines. Central accurate TPCSIA estimation is an understanding beta (β) values—the differences between and source AA δ15N values in the producers at base consumers’ food web...

Abstract. The study herein reports on the development and testing of sampling systems (and subsequent analytical setups) that were deployed an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for purpose analysing greenhouse gases (GHGs) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in lower atmospheric boundary layer. Two devices, both which can be mounted to UAV with a payload capability greater than 1 kg, tested respectiv...

The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and publication does not imply their endorsement by CSIA and Harvard University. This paper may be reproduced for personal and classroom use. Any other reproduction is not permitted without written The environmental movement is poised to enter a second generation. For two decades it prompted significant improvements in the quality of ou...

Based on the anonymity that digital signatures provide to users and messages, digital signatures can be classified as hidden, weak, interactive, or strong blind signatures. The hidden blind signature hides the signed message from the signer’s vision during his interaction with an honest requester. Later on, after revealing the message the signer can easily link the message-signature pair. The h...

Measurement of total primary production using C incorporation is a widely established tool. However, these bulk measurements lack information about the fate of fixed carbon: the production of major cellular compounds (carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and DNA/RNA) is affected by for instance nutrient availability as their C:N:P requirements differ. Here, we describe an approach to combin...