The longstanding assumption that calves of more than 6 months of age are more resistant to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection has recently been challenged. In order to elucidate this, a challenge experiment was performed to evaluate age- and dose-dependent susceptibility to MAP infection in dairy calves. Fifty-six calves from MAP-negative dams were randomly allocate...

Twenty Lithuanian Black-and-White calves (10 bulls, 10 heifers) were used to evaluate the effects of the supplemental probiotic product, Enterococcus faecium M74 (2.4 g/day/calve), added to fresh milk and skimmed milk in a 56 day-study. The probiotic was administered by dietary supplementation to first group of calves and their respective pens (probiotic group), whereas the second group (contro...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of age of calf on the behaviour of Zebu and crossbred calves during restricted suckling (RS) periods. The behaviours of 20 Zebu and 16 crossbred calves were recorded during two 30-min sessions each day after milking when the calves and their dams were brought together in a group for suckling. This was made for a time period of 2 weeks/mo...

Analysis of Genetic Differences in Genes Associated with Immune Response Among Purebred and Crossbreed Sistani Montebeliarde Cow Populations using RNA-Seq Data

Holstein calves weighing less than 20 kg at birth have been noted in Korea. Due to insufficient information, we raised small calves with age-matched normal birth weight Holstein calves and determined body weights before puberty. In addition, 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the growth hormone (GH) gene were analyzed. Up to 10 months of age, low birth weight calves were smaller than n...

Calves were fed Escbericbia coli of bovine origin containing an R factor with resistance determinants found rarely in human and bovine populations. Some of these calves received tetracycline. Fecal samples from human subjects in daily contact with the calves were analyzed for the R factor, the bovine E. coli, and changes in the levels of tetracycline resistant coliforms. Crossover from the calv...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different early weaning programs on growth performance and blood parameters of dairy calves. To meet this objective, thirty Holstein calves with initial body weight of 36 ± 5 kg were randomly assigned at birth to one of the three weaning programs. Experimental groups were: 1) starter diet and whole milk from birth to 6 weeks and wean...

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of meloxicam (MEL) as supportive therapy for calves with neonatal calf diarrhea complex. For this double-blind controlled trial, 62 Holstein male calves were purchased at birth and transported to a research facility. At the naturally occurring onset of diarrhea, defined as the first occurrence of a fecal score greater than 2 on a 4-point scale, ...

Impracticality and cost of existing pain management strategies during surgical castration of beef cattle have limited their widespread implementation on-farm. A farmer-applied topical anaesthetic formulation, originally developed and used commercially to mitigate the pain of mulesing in lambs, was investigated for its potential use for managing pain in surgically castrated calves. This formulat...

1. An in vitro preparation was used to measure rates of oxygen consumption, Na+, K+-ATPase-dependent respiration. [14C]phenylalanine incorporation and tyrosine release of skeletal (sternomandibularis) muscle from 10-21-d-old (three) and 7-month dairy (three) calves and control (CDM; four) and extreme double-muscled (EDM; two) calves. 2. Rates of oxygen consumption was greatest (P less than 0.00...