This paper reviews the state of the art of optical coherence tomography (OCT), an interferometric imaging technique that provides cross-sectional views of the subsurface microstructure of biological tissue. Following a discussion of the basic theory of OCT, an overview of the issues involved in the design of the main components of OCT systems is presented. The review concludes by introducing ne...

Magnetic resonance imaging measures have been proposed as objective markers to study upper motor neuron loss in motor neuron disorders. Cross-sectional studies have identified imaging differences between groups of healthy controls and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) that correlate with disease severity, but it is not known whether imaging mea...

Trends in longitudinal or cross-sectional studies over time are often captured through regression models. In their simplest manifestation, these regression models are formulated in R. However, in the context of imaging studies, the objects of interest which are to be regressed are frequently best modeled as elements of a Riemannian manifold. Regression on such spaces can be accomplished through...

The objectives for this systematic review were to determine if the pre-operative availability of cross-sectional imaging, such as cone beam CT, has a diagnostic impact, therapeutic impact or impact on patients' outcome when placing two dental implants in the anterior mandible to support an overdenture. The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (CENTRAL), MEDLINE® and Embase were searched...

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and adolescents is based on the integration of clinical, biological, endoscopic, histological and radiological data. METHODS The most important part of the diagnosis is the histology, which is acquired by endoscopy. Imaging of the small bowel has changed in recent years, but the imaging goals are primarily to determine t...

Cross-sectional methodologies are typically adopted in the field of developmental psychology when assessing the impact of developmental age or stage on some cognitive measure. Here, we describe the statistical techniques that form the foundation of cross-sectional studies and illustrate their use through recent examples from the literature. We present both behavioral and brain-imaging work and ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Functional MR imaging is widely used for research in functional brain development in healthy children. However, obtaining high-quality brain imaging data from pediatric research participants requires cooperation that is challenging for young children. In this study, we examined success rates for fMRI in typically developing children in both longitudinal and cross-sectiona...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is an emerging need for biomarkers to better categorize clinical phenotypes and predict progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study aimed to quantify cervical spinal gray matter atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and investigate its association with clinical disability at baseline and after 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with...

STUDY DESIGN For this study, 43 asymptomatic individuals underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in both supine psoas-relaxed position and supine axial compression in extension. The change in dural cross-sectional area between positions at each disc level was calculated. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of axial loading on asymptomatic individuals, as compared with the effec...