The most widely accepted classification of calcinosis cutis is reviewed and several aspects of it are examined. The main point of our criticism is that entities from different groups overlap. Also, the classification mixes etiopathogenic criteria with morphological or semiologic ones. Moreover, the role of the dermatopathologist is limited many times, since only generic information under the di...

The word Limnology is derived from Greek limne-marsh, pond and evaluates how physical, chemical and biological environment regulates these relationships. The type of life which is supported by lentic communities will depend greatly on biotic components of the fresh water ecosystems. Phytoplankton’s are microscopic plants which obtain their energy via photosynthesis. They are important to the ec...

The Kappa coefficient is widely used in assessing categorical agreement between two raters or two methods. It can also be extended to more than two raters (methods). When using Kappa, the shortcomings of this coefficient should be not neglected. Bias and prevalence effects lead to paradoxes of Kappa. These problems can be avoided by using some other indexes together, but the solutions of the Ka...

History of breast cancer dates back to at least 1600 B.C. and treatment methods have undergone significant progress over the last hundred years. We are moving away from frighteningly radical, and towards increasingly more conservational breast cancer surgery. And while mastectomy is no longer a first-line choice for all breast cancers, it is still an important and, really, an essential procedur...