Project management organizes about 30% of the world’s economy. Many recent projects apply critical chain project (CCPM) methodology, which requires design and feeding buffers. Accurate sizing these buffers is essential, because too small result in emergency procedures to prevent late delivery, whereas large uncompetitive bids lost contracts. Previous buffer research, focused predominantly on ch...

In the era of globalization, industries critical metals are organized through global supply chain. However, chains have been disrupted since 2020 by outbreak COVID-19 and a series geopolitical crises. To better address chain challenges metals, review is needed about sources, propagation, responses risks. Firstly, this provides an overview research progress in identifying risk sources assessing ...