Although the primary occupation in the villages of India (Assam) is agriculture, its share is very low and there is high degree of under employment in Agriculture. So the village economy is leaning towards small industries, having backward linkages with urban areas. There is a growing trend of migration of people from the rural areas to the urban areas. Therefore, people with enterprising minds...

The theory of path dependency reveals that in the territories, where the population is characterized with worsened structure, the infrastructure is affected by underdeveloped problems and the amenities are not enough evinced, it is difficult to expect designation of activities, creating new employment. The appearance of innovative and knowledge based job in the rural areas is very hard challeng...

We use five waves of household surveys in Uganda, from 1992/3 to 2011/12, study income diversification and its effect on the welfare rural urban households during a period sustained economic growth poverty reduction, comparing 1990s 2000s, disaggregating by gender head. Diversification is measured terms access incomes agriculture (farming), agricultural wage, self-employment (informal), wage em...

Smallholder farmers and poor rural households are vulnerable to both economic and social shocks which hamper their participation in agricultural activities. Well-designed social protection programmes can help to reduce both the risk and vulnerability by building resilience to shocks and stresses. Although the gender-specific challenges of women’s largely unequal involvement in agricultural acti...

introduction: several strategies have been raised and studied for rural development including the development and fortification of small towns. researchers believe that small cities as a chain ring between cities and villages, provided their development and fortification, can lead to development in their surrounding rural areas in various aspects.  so, the strength and growth of small towns cou...

A weakening dependence on rain-fed agriculture has been a hallmark of the economic transformation of countries throughout history. Rural citizens in developing countries today , however, remain highly exposed to fluctuations in the weather. This exposure affects the incomes these citizens earn and the prices of the foods they eat. Recent work has documented the significant mortality and morbidi...

Migration, Self-Selection, and Income Distributions: Evidence from Rural and Urban China As massive rural residents leave their home countryside for better employment, migration has profound effects on income distributions such as rural-urban income gap and inequalities within rural or urban areas. The nature of the effects depends crucially on who are migrating and their migrating patterns. In...

An important objective of National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP) is to create durable community asset and private asset which can enhance agricultural production as well profitability of the farmers through increasing their Gross Cropped area. It can also help the farm households to generate few extra incomes through seeking employment in this programme. An investigation is here ...

friedman and weitz are among the theorists of the rohout school who propose models such as rural-urban development within the framework of comprehensive rural development schemes; consider rural development beyond urban development and perceive national development as dependent on rural development. in this regard, sustainable human development as a step beyond sustainable development is accept...

Why Do Self-Employed Immigrants in Denmark and Sweden Have Such Low Incomes? When studying income differences and income distribution, the self-employed are often excluded from the population studied. There are several good reasons for this, for example that incomes from self-employment are not reported to the same extent as incomes from being an employee. On the other hand it is a problem to e...