OBJECTIVE Three-dimensional anatomical appreciation of the matrix of the cavernous sinus is one of the crucial necessities for a better understanding of tissue patterning and various disorders in the sinus. The purpose of this study was to reveal configuration of fibrous and adipose components in the cavernous sinus and their relationship with the cranial nerves and vessels in the sinus and men...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Determining which cranial nerve(s) is (are) involved is a critical step in appropriately evaluating a patient with diplopia. RECENT FINDINGS New studies have looked at the various etiologies of cranial nerve palsies in the modern imaging era. The importance of the C-reactive protein test in evaluating the possibility of giant cell arteritis has recently been emphasized. SU...

Vocal fold paralysis may occur for a wide range of reasons, from cardiac chamber enlargement, intoxication by chemical products, and mediastinal, neck, lung and intracranial tumors. Given the vast array of possibilities and the various points where the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves (the latter is a branch of the first and innervates most laryngeal intrinsic muscles) may be injured, often...

Four cases of schwannoma originating from the lower cranial nerves are presented. Case 1 is a schwannoma of the vagus nerve in the parapharyngeal space. The operation was performed by the transcervical approach. Although the tumor capsule was not dissected from the vagus nerve, hoarseness and dysphagia happened transiently after the operation. Case 2 is a schwannoma in the jugular foramen. The ...