The specific characteristics of genetic data lead to ethical-legal conflicts in the framework of genetic diagnosis. Several international organisations, including UNESCO and the Council of Europe, have enacted rules referring to the use of genetic information. This paper discusses possible legal and ethical criteria that could be used in genetic testing.

Basic research in Europe is about to receive a shot in the arm with the creation of a European Research Council (ERC). This new agency will sustain fundamental investigation into all aspects of scientific knowledge and should drive up standards of scientific research across the continent.

Introduction The Council of Europe's role in conflict prevention and crisis management is defined in its statute, adopted by the founding European governments in 1949, just after the Second World War. The Organisation's contribution targets a structural prevention of conflict through its multilateral tools, with the collection and analysis of information on the root causes of conflicts before t...

R. G. M. Morris, W. Oertel, W. Gaebel, G. M. Goodwin, A. Little, P. Montellano, M. Westphal, D. J. Nutt and M. Di Luca Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS), Bruxelles, Belgium European Academy of Neurology (EAN), Vienna, Austria European Psychiatric Association (EPA), Strasburg, France European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP), Utrecht, The Netherlands European Federati...

This Article contains some reflections concerning the Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (“the Draft Treaty”), which was approved by the European Council on September 28, 2004 and formally signed in Rome on October 29, 2004. At the time of writing in early 2005, it is presently in the process of ratification by the twenty-five Member States of the European Union (“EU”). The Art...

this papers examines the counsel of the formation of the expediency discernment council in the islamic republic of iran. it aims to analyse the reasons why late imam khomeini decided to form the council. having demonstrated the reasons for the formation of the council, its functions, duties and responsibilities, the article pays a particular attention to the late imam khomeini. it shows that th...