Transaction costs are an important determinant in the success or failure of community-based resource management. In particular, they can affect participation in management activities, with the poor bearing a proportionally larger share of the costs. Analysis of 309 households from the Middle-Hills of Nepal reveals that transaction costs for communal forest management as a percentage of total co...

In this work, we present a software-based solution to automate the power control of desktop computers. The deployment of the proposed software system is simply done over the existing infrastructure of the organization, thus minimizing the required investment. Our initial analysis shows a cost reduction of more than 52% by reducing the power consumption of computers and their monitors.

this research aims to study the relationship between the components of quality costs and quality in company. the relationship between the components of quality costs and quality in company has been studied separately for materials, manpower, machinery, and whole of company. in this study, traditional method was used to collect quality costs and paf model was used to determine the components of ...

Activity-based costing and management are now the stock-in-trade of a lucrative industry, with at least one Big Six consultancy operation devoted wholly to their promotion. Both techniques represent a major extension of accountability in the modern corporation, into a zone previously defined in accounting terms as fixed overhead. The mechanics depend on treating the staff department as a mass-p...

We develop a recurrent reinforcement learning (RRL) system that directly induces portfolio management policies from time series of asset prices and indicators, while accounting for transaction costs. The RRL approach learns a direct mapping from indicator series to portfolio weights, bypassing the need to explicitly model the time series of price returns. The resulting policies dynamically opti...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the cost-savings that could be realized by switching patients from two separate agents, ACE inhibitor/ARB and thiazide diuretic, to a fixed dose combination product. METHODS CompuScript and Longitudinal Rx (LRx) Insights data from IMS Health Canada for Oct 2006-Sept 2007 was used. From the LRx data, the proportion of patients taking both ACE inhibitors/ARBs and thiazide ...

Many populations have a negative impact on their habitat, or upon other species in the environment, if their numbers become too large. For this reason they are often managed using some form of control. The objective is to keep numbers at a sustainable level, while ensuring survival of the population. Here we present models that allow population management programs to be assessed. Two common con...

OBJECTIVE Costs associated with HPV-related diseases such as cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer, and genital warts have not been evaluated in Sweden. These costs must be estimated in order to determine the potential savings if these diseases were eradicated and to assess the combined cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. The present study aimed to estimate preven...

We focus on an approach to reducing costs of running applications. MIPS, which is a traditional acronym for millions of instructions per second, have evolved to become a measurement of processing power and the CPU resource consumption. The need for controlling MIPS attributed costs is indispensable given the high percentage they involve in the operational IT costs. In this paper we investigate ...

The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure re ects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs (Modigliani-Miller), and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution (Jensen-Meckling). Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield spreads, but their importance is relatively small for the range of envi...