AIM To undertake full economic evaluation of stapled hemorrhoidopexy (PPH) to establish its cost-effectiveness and investigate whether PPH can become cost-saving compared to conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy (CH). METHODS A cost-utility analysis in hospital and health care system (UK) was undertaken using a probabilistic, cohort-based decision tree to compare the use of PPH with CH. Se...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to assess the local cost savings resulting from community water fluoridation, given current exposure levels to other fluoride sources. METHODS Adopting a societal perspective and using a discount rate of 4 percent, we compared the annual per person cost of fluoridation with the cost of averted disease and productivity losses. The latter was the produ...

Intense international competition pushes the actors of wood supply chains to implement efficient chain management incorporating coordinated cost-saving strategies remain competitive. In order observe effects individual and decision making, mixed-integer programming models for forestry, round-wood transport, wood-based industry were developed integrated. The deal with operational planning issues...

Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent years, the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapidly increased. In order to minimize line losses of power systems, it is crucially important to define the size and location of local generation to be placed. Minimizing the losses in the system would bring two types of saving, in real life, one is ...

Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent years, the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapidly increased. In order to minimize line losses of power systems, it is crucially important to define the size and location of local generation to be placed. Minimizing the losses in the system would bring two types of saving, in real life, one is ...

OBJECTIVE To model the resource implications of placental growth factor (PlGF) testing in women with suspected pre-eclampsia prior to 35 weeks' gestation as part of a management algorithm, compared with current practice. METHODS Data on resource use from 132 women with suspected pre-eclampsia prior to 35 weeks' gestation, enrolled in a prospective observational cohort study evaluating PlGF me...