using the usual definitions of information and entropy in quantum gravity and statistical mechanics and the existing views about the relation between information and complexity, we examine the evolution of complexity in an ever expanding universe.

We suggest an unconventional view of the origin of most cosmic rays (CRs) in the universe. We propose that nearly every accelerated CR was part of the parallel current that maintains all force-free (f-f) magnetic fields. Charged particles are accelerated by the E‖ (to the magnetic filed B) produced by reconnection. The inferred total energy in extra-galactic cosmic rays is ∼ 10 ergs per galaxy ...

In the present work, the gravitational field of superconducting cosmic string has been investigated in the context of Brans-Dicke theory of gravity. We have presented two kind of solutions for the spacetime in the far field zone of the string. When the B-D scalar field is switched off, one of the solutions reduces to the solution earlier obtained by Moss and Poletti in General Relativity. 1 Spo...

We investigate the most general exact solutions of Brans-Dicke cosmology by choosing scale factor "a" as new independent variable. It is shown that a set three field equations can be reduced to constraint equation and first order linear differential equation. Thus this solvable when one supplies following pairs functions: ({\Phi}(a), \r{ho}(a)), V(a)) or H(a)). A universe with single component ...

Abstract Recently, based on a novel analysis of the Planck satellite data, hint uniform rotation polarization cosmic microwave background photons, called isotropic birefringence, has been reported. The suggested angle about 0.2–0.4 degrees is close to fine-structure constant, ? ? 1/137 rad 0.42 deg. Interestingly, this coincidence can be naturally explained over very wide parameter range by dom...

The safety of collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was studied in 2003 by the LHC Safety Study Group, who concluded that they presented no danger. Here we review their 2003 analysis in light of additional experimental results and theoretical understanding, which enable us to confirm, update and extend the conclusions of the LHC Safety Study Group. The LHC reproduces in the laboratory, ...

We investigate two cosmological axion problems (isocurvature fluctuations and domain-wall formation) in chaotic inflationary universe. It is believed that these problems are solved if potential for the Peccei-Quinn scalar field is very flat. However , we find that too many domain walls are produced through parametric resonance decay of the Peccei-Quinn scalar field. Only the axion model with N ...

The exact solution of a two-scale Buchert average of the Einstein equations is derived for an inhomogeneous universe that represents a close approximation to the observed universe. The two scales represent voids, and the bubble walls surrounding them within which clusters of galaxies are located. As described elsewhere [New J. Phys. 9, 377 (2007)10.1088/1367-2630/9/10/377], apparent cosmic acce...

The nature of axion cosmology is usually said to depend on whether the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry breaks before or after inflation. The PQ symmetry itself is believed to be an accident, so there is not necessarily a symmetry during inflation at all. We explore these issues in some simple models, which provide examples of symmetry breaking before and after inflation, or in which there is no symm...

The nature of axion cosmology is usually said to depend on whether the Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry breaks before or after inflation. The PQ symmetry itself is believed to be an accident, so there is not necessarily a symmetry during inflation at all. We explore these issues in some simple models, which provide examples of symmetry breaking before and after inflation, or in which there is no symm...