In these lectures, I review the current status of cosmic strings and cosmic superstrings. I first discuss topological defects in the context of Grand Unified Theories, focusing in particular in cosmic strings arising as gauge theory solitons. I discuss the reconciliation between cosmic strings and cosmological inflation, I review cosmic strings dynamics, cosmic string thermodynamics and cosmic ...

We present the main characteristics of cosmic ray population in the atmosphere and its variability (11-and 22-year solar cycle variations, solar protons originating from powerful solar flares, energetic electron precipitation during geomagnetic disturbances and Forbush decreases of cosmic rays). The experimental data were obtained from the long-term cosmic ray monitoring in the atmosphere from ...

Nonequilibrium quantum fields play a central role in various areas of physics, such as cosmology, ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, or condensed matter physics. A timely example in cosmology concerns the issue of reheating of the early universe: At the end of inflation the universe is left in a frozen albeit very high-energy state, very different from the subsequent hot universe observed...

Big History – an integral conception of the past since the Big Bang until today – is a novel subject of cross-disciplinary interest. The concept was construed in the 1980–1990s simultaneously in different countries, after relevant premises had matured in the sciences and humanities. Various versions and traditions of Big History are considered in the article. Particularly, most of the Western a...

Abstract Cosmic rays have been shown to be extremely important in the dynamics of diffuse gas galaxies, helping maintain hydrostatic equilibrium, and serving as a regulating force star formation. In this paper, we address influence cosmic on galaxies by re-examining theory ray Eddington limit, first proposed Socrates et al. elaborated upon Crocker Huang & Davis. A limit represents maximum e...

We investigate the co-evolution of dark matter (DM) density perturbation and metric in WIMP paradigm. Instead adopting conventional assumption that DM starts out thermal equilibrium, we propose a simple phase production for paradigm extend our analysis to this phase. Being free from envelop an amplified perturbative resonance between scalar modes takes place during phase, consequently results s...

Dispersion potentials arising from double particle exchange have been systematically studied in a wide variety of physical contexts and with quite different scopes and purposes @1#. Indeed, the studies include pure QED phenomena such as van der Waals interactions @2#, two neutrino forces among macroscopic bodies @3#, forces mediated by scalar particles @4,5# found in recent completions of the s...

By using a simple analytical model based on counting random multiple impulses inflicted on photons by a network of cosmic strings we show how to construct the general q-point temperature correlation function of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation. Our analysis is sensible specially for large angular scales where the Kaiser-Stebbins effect is dominant. Then we concentrate our study on the ...

The cosmological features of primordial black holes formed from collapsed cosmic string loops are studied. Observational restrictions on a population of primordial black holes are used to restrict f , the fraction of cosmic string loops which collapse to form black holes, and µ, the cosmic string mass-per-unit-length. Using a realistic model of cosmic strings, we find the strongest restriction ...

The study of big history attempts to identify major trends and processes throughout the development and evolution of the local universe. Big history has allowed for the integration of many disparate academic subjects, revealing a science and art of studying the emergence of complexity, the relation between evolutionary processes, and the cosmic context of the human experience. Current big histo...