As a trace gas involved in hydration during plant photosynthesis, carbonyl sulfide (COS) and its leaf relative uptake rate (LRU) is used to reduce the uncertainties simulations of gross primary productivity (GPP). In this study, 101 independent observations were collected from 22 studies. We extracted LRU, stomatal conductance (gs), canopy COS carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, relevant environmental...

Vegetation, soil and ecosystem level carbonyl sulfide (COS) exchange was observed at Duke Forest, a temperate loblolly pine forest, grown under ambient (Ring 1, R1) and elevated (Ring 2, R2) CO 2. During calm meteorological conditions, ambient COS mixing ratios at the top of the forest canopy followed a distinct diurnal pattern in both CO 2 growth regimes, with maximum COS mixing ratios during ...

Abstract At present, saccharides as hydrophilic matrixes, have been gradually used in amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) for dispersing poorly water-soluble drugs without surfactants. In this study, an chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was applied a matrix to form surfactant-free ASD via the ball milling vitrify quercetin (QUE) and enhance dissolution bioavailability. Solid-state characterization (...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is an enzyme of phagocytes that produces bactericidal superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) via an electrogenic process. Proton efflux compensates for the charge movement across the cell membrane. The proton channel responsible for the H(+) efflux was thought to be contained within the gp91(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase, but recent data do not s...

*Carbonyl sulfide (COS) exchange in C(3) leaves is linked to that of CO(2), providing a basis for the use of COS as a powerful tracer of gross CO(2) fluxes between plants and the atmosphere, a critical element in understanding the response of the land biosphere to global change. *Here, we carried out controlled leaf-scale gas-exchange measurements of COS and CO(2) in representative C(3) plants ...

In this paper, we prove that for x ∈ (0,π/2) (cos p1x) 1/(3p1) < sinx x < (cos p0x) 1/(3p0) < · · · < e−x/6 < 2+ cos x

People can reach all kinds of information online including reviews and comments on products, movies, holiday destinations and so on. However, one usually need to go through the reviews to have an objective opinion the positive and the negative aspects of the item reviewed. We aim to provide a method that will extract positive and negative opinions on a specific aspect and compare them in an att...

Background A core outcome set (COS) is a minimal set of outcomes to be reported in a trial. Development is often challenging because patients and clinicians identify many important outcomes and prioritisation is difficult. Delphi surveys (with several rounds) are one approach for prioritising outcomes. Summarised participant responses are provided in subsequent ‘rounds’, allowing initial respon...