The S100 proteins are 10-12 kDa EF-hand proteins that act as central regulators in a multitude of cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and motility. Consequently, many S100 proteins are implicated and display marked changes in their expression levels in many types of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The structure an...

Background & Objective: To study the immunophenotype of prostate cancer (PC) with the presence and absence of intraluminal inclusions (IIn), depending on the grade score. Methods: A total of 30 PC samples with IIn (group E) and 30 PC samples without them (group C) were studied. These groups were divided into 2 subgroups, depending on the grade of malignan...

The hexameric ATPase, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) is implicated in the release of neurotransmitters and in mediating fusion between intracellular membranes. Due to the conservation of proteins in constitutive and regulated membrane fusion reactions, NSF and its downstream targets have been predicted also to participate in fusion reactions underlying endocrine function, but there is ...

Juvenile hormone III biosynthesis in vitro by the corpora allata of adult female Bluttellu germanica is precisely correlated with the gonotrophic cycle. Farnesoic acid-stimulated rates of juvenile hormone synthesis are always higher than the corresponding basal rates, and follow the same pattern of cyclic changes during oijcyte maturation. Both basal and farnesoic acid-stimulated rates decline ...

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia in the United States and is characterized as a cerebral vessel vascular disease that leads to ischemic episodes. Whereas the relationship between caspase-cleaved tau and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been previously described, whether caspase activation and cleavage of tau occurs in VaD is presen...

BACKGROUND Reelin and its downstream signaling members are important modulators of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics, a fundamental prerequisite for proper neurodevelopment and adult neuronal functions. Reductions in Reelin levels have been suggested to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. We have previously reported an age-related reduction in Reelin levels and its...

Pulmonary corpora amylacea (PCA) is rare. We report here an autopsy case of a Japanese woman in her eighties who harbored numerous PCAs in both lungs. Multiple infarctions were found in the brainstem as the cause of her death. In an attempt to characterize these PCAs, several antibodies were used, including those to surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-D, KL6, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), pancyt...

The term "hyaline degeneration ", first employed by von Recklinghausen (1883), denotes a physical state rather than a chemical composition. " Hyalin" includes a heterogenous group of substances which share the properties of being translucent, refractile, and structureless (Gk, hyalos-glass). They stain readily with acid dyes, are resistant to strong acids and alkalis, and are all of a protein n...

OBJECTIVE To describe and illustrate the characteristic features of amyloid in cytologic preparations and point out its diagnostic pitfalls. STUDY DESIGN Five fine needle aspirates and one bronchial washing that contained amyloid were retrospectively reviewed. The aspirates were obtained from each of the five following sites: lung, occipital lymph node, thyroid gland, proximal humerus and sub...

Corpora amylacea (CA) are a frequent microscopic finding in radical prostatectomy specimens from men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. Although often observed histologically to be associated with inflammation, the contribution of CA to prostatitis-related symptoms of unknown etiology or to prostate carcinogenesis remains unclear. Prostatic calculi (PC), which potentially represent calci...