Economists wishing to analyse road congestion and road pricing have usually relied on linkbased speed-flow relationships. These may provide a poor description of urban congestion, which mainly arises from delays at intersections. Using the simulation model SATURN, we investigate the second-best proportional traffic reduction and find that linear speed-flow relations describe network flows quite...

This paper considers second-best congestion pricing in the monocentric city, with endogenous residential density and endogenous labour supply. A spatial general equilibrium model is developed that allows consideration of the three-way interactions between urban density, traffic congestion and labour supply. Congestion pricing schemes are analyzed that are second-best ‘by design’ (and not becaus...

Microvilli are actin-based protrusions found on the surface of diverse cell types, where they amplify membrane area and mediate interactions with the external environment. In the intestinal tract, these protrusions play central roles in nutrient absorption and host defense and are therefore essential for maintaining homeostasis. However, the mechanisms controlling microvillar assembly remain po...

(Continued from page 252.) This work liad scarcely been completed when the arrival of cholera in New York Harbour was announced. Upon the development of the disease in the small towns upon the Delaware river, a cordon de sante was established, and no communication was permitted between the island and the mainland, except by a boat's crew, of whom but one man was permitted to go on shore to obta...

Résumé Nous rapportons le cas dramatique d'un liposarcome à cellules rondes paratesticulaire d'emblée métastatique chez un jeune homme de 18 ans. Il s'agit d'une tumeur rare qui se développe à partir du tissu graisseux entourant le testicule et le cordon spermatique. Les signes cliniques et radiologiques sont peu spécifiques, le diagnostic n'est en général fait que sur la pièce opératoire. Le t...

training systems and calcium foliar application can improve apple fruits pigmentation by changing mineral compositions. in this study, effect of foliar application of calcium chloride with different concentrations (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g l-1) over 2, 4 and 6 weeks before harvest time on fruit mineral nutrient composition and colour values of apple cvs. gala and delbarestival which trained in thre...

The beginning of the 19th century marks a new stage in military-political development Eastern Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Since Georgia was annexed to empire at that time, state faced issue protecting territories. A. Ermolov initiated period vigorous activity topographers region associated with construction number fortresses transfer from policy punitive operations systematic using civil coloni...

Most 'Concord' vineyards in Arkansas have been trained to the Umbrella Kniffin (UK) system and pruned to a 30+10 schedule. In the Geneva Double Curtain (GDC) training system (a 1.2 m divided double curtain "T" type trellis) shoots are positioned vertically toward the vineyard floor. Under northern conditions, this system allows better distribution of fruiting spurs, reduced shading of interior ...