On 15 January 2022, Hunga Volcano in Tonga produced the most violent eruption modern satellite era, sending a water-rich plume at least 58 km high. Using combination of satellite- and ground-based sensors, we investigate astonishing rate volcanic lightning (>2,600 flashes min?1) what it reveals about dynamics submarine eruption. In map view, locations form radially expanding rings. We show that...

To better constrain models of cool core galaxy cluster formation, we have used X-ray observations taken from the Chandra and ROSAT archives to examine the properties of cool core and non-cool core clusters, especially beyond the cluster cores. Using an optimized reduction process, we produced X-ray images, surface brightness profiles, and hardness ratio maps of 30 nearby rich Abell clusters (17...

This study describes a bench-scale attempt to bioremediate Kuwaiti, oily water and soil samples through bioaugmentation with coastal microbial mats rich in hydrocarbonoclastic bacterioflora. Seawater and desert soil samples were artificially polluted with 1% weathered oil, and bioaugmented with microbial mat suspensions. Oil removal and microbial community dynamics were monitored. In batch cult...

The oil companies operating in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea have conducted field studies since the mid-1990s to monitor produced water discharges to the ocean. These studies have been used to refine monitoring methods, and to develop and validate a dispersion and impact assessment model. This paper summarizes monitoring data from surveys conducted in two major oil and gas production ar...

The effects of an N-terminal peptide (amino acids 1-38) of Fugu parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP 1-38) on calcium regulation of larval sea bream were investigated in seawater (36 per thousand) and after transfer to dilute seawater (12 per thousand). Exposure to PTHrP 1-38 evoked a 1.5-fold increase in calcium influx in both full-strength and dilute seawater. Calcium influx in dilute s...

Background: Short time preservation of semen is common in animals (e.g. horse or pig etc…) which their sperm in known as freezing sensitive sperm. It also may use for short transportation of other species to be cryopreserved or use in AI or IVF programs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of duration of cool storage on goat epididymal sperm. Materials and Methods: Total number...

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are a major group of organic contaminants which are consisted of two or more benzene rings. many of these compounds are potentially toxic and many studies have been carried out to investigate their toxicity in pahs exposed people. the bushehr coastal area is very important place for oil exploration, exploitation and transportation in north persian gulf. i...

Incidences of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) have risen worldwide prompting a need to better understand routes of human exposure and whether standard bacterial water quality monitoring practices adequately account for this potential threat. Beach water and sand samples were analyzed during summer months for S. aureus, enterococci, and MRSA at three southern Cal...

Our planet has reached extreme weather conditions. Recently , a tornado in the US killed 519 people. Floods in Asia and Australia killed 2,000 and left large swaths of each country under water. Korea had its heaviest snowfall in recorded history. My heart goes out to all the families of the victims of the recent serious disasters. These events have been shaped by global warming. Scientists have...