Four choice experiments were conducted with both sexes of the cichlid Pelvicachromis taeniatus using computer-manipulated stimuli of digital images differing in movement, body shape or colouration. The results show that computer animations can be useful and flexible tools in studying preferences of a cichlid with complex and variable preferences for different visual cues.

23 The African Great Lakes are characterized by an extraordinary diversity of endemic cichlid 24 fish species. The cause of this diversity is still largely unknown. Most studies have tried to 25 solve this question by focusing on macro-evolutionary processes, such as speciation. 26 However, the ecological processes determining local cichlid diversity have so far been 27 understudied, even thoug...

An former convict is very difficult to get a job. Many companies and jobs are accept an ex-convict because must have bad view or discrimination from society. The purposes of this research reveal the right convicts job when viewed Manpower Act No. 13 2003 legal protection who discriminated against method used in normative with statutory approach conceptual approach. collection technique was carr...

background: aquatic ecosystems are frequently subjected to contamination by toxic heavy metals and pesticides, yet very little is known about the influence of pesticides on bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic organisms. mercury is a toxic metal with no known biological benefit to organisms. bioavailability of mercury in aquatic environments depends on biological and non-biological parame...

One of the most compelling features of the cichlid fishes of the African Great Lakes is the seemingly endless diversity of male coloration. Colour diversification has been implicated as an important factor driving cichlid speciation. Colour has also been central to cichlid taxonomy and, thus, to our concept of species diversity. We undertook a phylogeographical examination of several allopatric...

This article analyzes the role of penitentiary policy in achieving goals criminal punishment from a legal point view. According to author, is necessary as means self-defence society violations, regardless living conditions society. In many countries and modern law doctrine whole, used correct morality convict, prevent him continuing his activity, restore social justice, both convict other perso...

The cichlid family features some of the most spectacular examples of adaptive radiation. Evolutionary studies have highlighted the importance of both trophic adaptation and sexual selection in cichlid speciation. However, it is poorly understood what processes drive the composition and diversity of local cichlid species assemblages on relatively short, ecological timescales. Here, we investigat...

12 benthic-limnetic axis and most populations are also color-polymorphic. The most comprehensive project focuses on the gold/dark color polymorphism in the Midas cichlid species complex (Amphilophus citrinellus spp.). Using a comparative approach that bases on extensive field collections of Midas cichlids, a substantial degree of ecological differentiation between color morphs is revealed. The ...

The symposium ‘‘Genomics and Vertebrate Adaptive Radiation: A Celebration of the First Cichlid Genome’’ was held at the annual meeting for the Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology in Boston in January, 2009. While the central topic was the genomics of adaptive radiation in cichlid fishes, the symposium integrated speakers studying genotype-to-phenotype maps in other model organisms. G...