To cope with the global bacterial multidrug resistance, scientific communities have devoted significant efforts to develop novel antibiotics, particularly those with new modes of actions. Teixobactin, recently isolated from uncultured bacteria, is considered as a promising first-in-class drug candidate for clinical development. Herein, we report its total synthesis by a highly convergent Ser li...

In a convergent approach to the marine natural product (þ)-norrisolide (1) the two bicyclic ring systems are coupled through the C9 C10 bond to assemble the carbon framework in a late stage of the synthesis. Other highlights of the synthetic strategy include the formation of the unusual fused g-lactone–g-lactol motif of 1 through a sequence of oxidation reactions. T. P. Brady, S. H. Kim, K. Wen...

Plantazolicin A, a linear decacyclic natural product, exhibits desirable selective activity against the causative agent of anthrax toxicity. The total synthesis of plantazolicin A and its biosynthetic precursor plantazolicin B was successfully achieved by an efficient, unified, and highly convergent route featuring dicyclizations to form 2,4-concatenated oxazoles and the mild synthesis of thiaz...

We present a test for determining if a substochastic matrix is convergent. By establishing a duality between weakly chained diagonally dominant (w.c.d.d.) Lmatrices and convergent substochastic matrices, we show that this test can be trivially extended to determine whether a weakly diagonally dominant (w.d.d.) matrix is a nonsingular M-matrix. The test’s runtime is linear in the order of the in...

We propose a new model of firm reputation where product quality is persistent and determined by the firm’s past investments. Reputation is then modeled directly as the market belief about quality. We analyze how investment incentives depend on the firm’s reputation and derive implications for reputational dynamics. Reputational incentives depend on the specification of market learning. When con...

Objective: This article reports findings of three studies addressing convergent validity and test-retest reliability of the Youth Rating Scale of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale–Second Edition (BERS-2). Method: Pearson product–moment correlations were used in all three studies, the first two addressing convergent validity and the third addressing test-retest reliability. Results: Anal...

We present a multigrid method for the minimization of strongly convex functionals defined on a finite product of simplices. Such problems result, for example, from the discretization of multi-component phase-field problems. Our algorithm is globally convergent, requires no regularization parameters, and achieves multigrid convergence rates. We present numerical results for the vector-valued All...

Let Uq(Ĝ) be an infinite-dimensional quantum affine Lie algebra. A family of central elements or Casimir invariants are constructed and their eigenvalues computed in any integrable irreducible highest weight representation. These eigenvalue formulae are shown to absolutely convergent when the deformation parameter q is such that |q| > 1. It is proven that the universal R-matrix R of Uq(Ĝ) satis...

where the sum over m is over all positive integers and p runs over all primes. For any complex constant z, we can define (L(s, χ)) as exp(z logL(s, χ)). Let S2 consist of the set of all derivatives of L(s, χ) for all L-series and let S3 denote the set of logarithms as defined above for all L-series. Let P1(s) be any finite power product (with complex exponents) of functions of S1. Let P2(s) be ...

This letter continues the program [17][12][20][21] aimed at analysis of the scalar product of states in the Chern-Simons theory. It treats the elliptic case with group SU2. The formal scalar product is expressed as a multiple finite dimensional integral which, if convergent for every state, provides the space of states with a Hilbert space structure. The convergence is checked for states with a...