This paper proposes an efficient Tracking method for velocity control of an electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS) in the presence of flow nonlinearities and internal friction. The tracking method controller is a kind of feedback error learning structure. In the proposed method, the Feedback Error Learning (FEL) algorithm is used to control the velocity. There is no need to compute the system ja...

Rule-based and information-integration category learning were compared under minimal and full feedback conditions. Rule-based category structures are those for which the optimal rule is verbalizable. Information-integration category structures are those for which the optimal rule is not verbalizable. With minimal feedback subjects are told whether their response was correct or incorrect, but ar...

based on the controversial beliefs among l2 teachers about effective corrective feedback (cf) strategies, recast and prompts as 2 kinds of cf have drawn the attention of l2 researchers(e.g., braidi, 2002; iwashita, 2003; loewen & philp, 2006; panova & lyster, 2002; sheen, 2004). despite these numbers of studies, debate continues to exist about their usefulness as a cf technique. whereas...

Previous studies have suggested that negative feedback is more effective in driving learning than positive feedback. We investigated the effect on learning of providing varying amounts of negative and positive feedback while listeners attempted to discriminate between three identical tones; an impossible task that nevertheless produces robust learning. Four feedback conditions were compared dur...

abstract introduction: nowadays, a variety of different methods are employed to improve learning particularly in teaching to medical students. one of the factors affecting in learning is making the students active in teaching activities. preparation of question through students is one of these ways to make the students active in learning, which was the main aim of this study. methods and materi...