public hospitals can privatize management activities by contracting with a private organization or person to perform the work. management contract is a method which uses private sector for major government projects like hospitals. this review study evaluated management contract conditions in selected countries. we focused on services under contract, different forms of management contract, metho...

one effective method for improving the performance of supply chain is making coordination among members of supply chain. this paper studies the subject of coordination of supply chain by using an insurance contract. the supply chain consists of one-manufacturer and one-retailer that the retailer is faced with potential demand and returning of goods from customer. acceptance of goods returned is...

the national bridge stock of iran consists of about 330,000 bridges, of which around 50% are older than 30 years. since 2010, iran road maintenance & transportation organization has started implementing a comprehensive bridge management system in order to manage this aged stock efficiently. to predict future conditions of bridge stock, a heuristic numerical method is presented. this methodology...

iqala (cancelling of the contract) is a legal act that is formed by sides' satisfactory contract and makes it breakup. imami, hanbali and shafei jurists revocate the iqala. hanafi jurists account iqala revocation into sides of contract, but a new transaction into outsiders. from the maleki jurists viewpoint, iqala is a new transaction, but civil code accounts the iqala tafasokh (breaking u...

assistive technologies have always opened new horizons in human’s life, posed solutions to problems and brought relief and prosperity for human beings. iranian judicial authorities have recently recognized the importance of medical technologies. accordingly, iranian legal system has recognized surrogacy and a surrogacy contract seems unavoidable for surrogacy to be legally valid, socially accep...

the condition within the contract is a principle that has been recognized in the islamic law but there is disagreement among the authorities concerning its impact on the condition of the contract in the two stages of formation and continuation of the contract. in the formation stage, the difference is in terms of the relation between the condition and the subject, concerning which, from among t...

Oscillators are kernel components of electrical and electronic circuits. Discussion of history, mechanisms and design based on Barkhausens observation. Discussion of a Wien Bridge oscillator based on the question: Why does this circuit oscillate ?

documentary credit or letter of credit (lc) is one of the methods of payment in international commerce. the documentary credit is a binding commitment from the issuing bank to pay a sum of money to the beneficiary on certain conditions. the applicant needs to contract with an issuing bank to open a lc. the legal nature of such contract is a controversy issue and thus different opinions are brou...