The naphtha reforming process converts low-octane gasoline blending components to high-octane components for use in high-performance gasoline fuels. The reformer also has an important function as the producer of hydrogen to the refinery hydrotreaters. A process model based on a unit model structure, is used for estimation of the process condition using data reconciliation. Measurements are clas...

A novel approach for stabilizing intermediate steady state of CSTR is proposed by using a special type of periodic forced operation, socalled mediating operation. Mediating operation enables to produce new additional steady states for which one of new intermediate steady states is stable. Thus proposed approach employs a periodic forcing for stabilization of a selected steady state by control o...

The design of a direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) for continuous operation was successfully executed and is presented in this study. Petroleum coke, an abundant source Canada, used as pneumatically supplied to the anode side cell. open circuit voltage (OCV) reached 1.1 V generated power density 28 mW/cm2 at 700 °C 85 850 °C. After about 180 h cell's performance declined, due loss electrolyte. In n...

Shuffle operation on trajectories is useful in modeling parallel composition of words and languages. In this work, a new class of P systems with shuffle operation and catalytic-like rules is presented. Such a system has a membrane structure, where language-objects and shuffleoperation rules are placed in its regions. It can be used as a language generator. In this study, we propose a variant P ...

the conversion process of heavy hydrocarbons to the valuable products such as gasoline is an important operation in the oil refineries.one important process is the “fluidized catalytic cracking” (fcc).feed injection in fcc process has an important role in the selectivity and properties of the products.performance of the feed injection system is dependent on the atomizers.the size and contributi...