“ghurar” verses, according to some contemporary shii-imami commentaries, refer to the comprehensive quranic expressions which have an explanatory eminence in a specific subject-matter and have a unique and useful feature to explain the matter and resolve its problems. these verses have gained an authority in explaining the quranic teachings, and gradually have become the reference point of many...

William Newell’s theory of interdisciplinary studies is a timely proposal since complexity is a keyword in contemporary descriptions of interdisciplinarity. Like any other theory, it is subject to a series of questions: (1) Is the theory generalizable, and is it reductive? (2) What relationship does it have to prior theories? (3) Does the theory drive practice, or vice versa? and (4) Is it frui...

The Theory of the Tamil people and theory literature are intertwined with agathinai Agam traditions. flourishes on basis love in Ainthinai. Seeing proliferation literary genres, field "Paatiyal" (Treatise poetic composition) emerged an attempt to define grammatical principles for literature. Although there about 46 paatiyal books appearing world, only 10 which available their entirety today. Ta...

the contemporary french literature beholds the considerable presence of works which frankly speak of the writer’s “self”. the trinal circles of writer-character-narrator triangle is mixed and created a current of literature dominated by the “first person”. many critics believe this matter demonstrates the dominance if “individualism” in today’s society. meaning, an individual society which plac...

contemporary   poetry   has  always  aimed  at  achieving  its  goal  in  reflecting  social  &  political  realities   and  awaring  people  and  encouraging  them  in  changes  which  lead  to  improvements  by (using & exploiting )  new  literary  techniques. moreover ,  applying  symbols  as  one  of  the  literary  interpretation ,  is  the  most  salient  sample  of contemporary arabic  p...

This article was written based on the key concept of polysystem theory which, in translating any literary text, emphasizes the transference of the social systems in which a text is embedded. As stated by Tynjanov (1978a), polysystem theory saw translated literature as a system operating in the larger social systems of the target text. Thus, the task of understanding as well as transferring such...

In Unit Operations, Ian Bogost argues that similar principles underlie both literary theory and computation, proposing a literary-technical theory that can be used to analyze particular videogames. Moreover, this approach can be applied beyond videogames: Bogost suggests that any medium—from videogames to poetry, literature, cinema, or art—can be read as a configurative system of discrete, inte...

With the development of Bakhtin's theory of polyphony in literary criticism, the kind of attitude to literary texts has changed, and according to the needs of modern society, this discourse became the focus of attention of thinkers and literary theorists. Polyphony, with its own meta-lingual potentials, brings with it a new approach, a rethinking of the audience, so that the reader can have a n...

literatures of various cultures interfere with one another so that each of them may become part of another’s literary polysystem. accordingly, the researchers, in this study, attempted to recognize what position persian literary polysystem allowed english literature in particular persian translations of english modern short stories to occupy during 1990-2005. this study also intended to find ou...