The paper begins with an examination of three ideal types citizenship which are not necessarily mutual exclusive. first type is national citizenship, typically associated ethno-nationalism. second form social or ‘welfare citizenship’ refers to the creation rights and closely connected civil-society institutions rather than state market. third identifies citizen participation in work force empha...

both iran and iraq during their countries’ histories have seen numerous political events. the most important event that can be seen in contemporary histories of both countries is war. the involvement of both nations with ominous phenomena of war has caused the formation of somewhat similar approaches in the cultures of these two countries. one of these similar approaches is the formation of res...

Abstract: Complete system simulation to understand the influence of architecture and operating systems on application execution has been identified to be crucial for systems design. This problem is particularly interesting in the context of Java since it is not only the application that can invoke kernel services, but so does the underlying Java Virtual Machine (JVM) implementation which runs t...

Data from the 1985-86 Japanese census are analysed to explore the determinants of the divorce rates in Japan's forty-seven prefectures, using two theoretical models: (a) the social integration model, which is shown to have a greater utility in predicting Japanese divorce levels than (b), the human capital model. Female emigration patterns play a significant role in affecting the divorce rate. P...

Toxicological Sciences exists for the purpose of publishing primary research findings in all areas of toxicology. In support of that mission, it is often necessary to publish other types of articles, such as letters to the editor and editorials. It is also necessary to place the research findings into the appropriate contextwhether it is medicine, environmental protection, or public health. Our...