This paper shows that there is a presumption that Pareto efficient taxation entails a positive tax on capital. When tax and expenditure policies can affect the market distribution of income, those effects need to be taken into account, reducing the burden imposed on distortionary redistribution. The paper extends the 1976 Atkinson-Stiglitz results to a dynamic, overlapping generations model, co...

1 Prabhat Jha ([email protected]), Centre for Global Health Research, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada, 2 University of Illinois, Chicago, US, 3 Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Canada, 4 American Cancer Society, Atlanta, US, 5 National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi, 6 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India...

BACKGROUND Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been proposed in high-income countries to reduce obesity and type 2 diabetes. We sought to estimate the potential health effects of such a fiscal strategy in the middle-income country of India, where there is heterogeneity in SSB consumption, patterns of substitution between SSBs and other beverages after tax increases, and vast differences...

 Taxation is one of the significant phenomena in any economy as it not only generates revenues for existing government, but also serves as a fiscal tool and stabilization policy. One of the main types of taxation is the petroleum tax which accounts for more than 30% of revenue for developed countries and more than 85% for developing economies. This work focuses on petroleum producing giants in ...

Recent financial crises in Europe as well as the periodic battles in the U.S. over the debt ceiling point to the importance of fiscal discipline among developed countries. This paper develops an open economy model, calibrated to the U.S. and a subset of the EMU, to evaluate the impact of various permanent tax changes. The first set of experiments considers a targeted one percentage point reduct...

One in three children in Estonia aged 6–13 is overweight or obese. Pricing policies, including the taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), has been recommended by WHO as one policy measure that can lower the consumption of SSBs and reduce obesity and the burden of obesity-related diseases. 89.2% of Estonian school children drink SSBs and it is known that the average daily energy consumpti...

Existing research on optimal taxation in economies with status-driven relative consumption (implicitly) assumes that there is no involuntary unemployment, despite ample evidence real world labor markets are typically characterized by such unemployment. We show how the marginal tax policy ought to be modified simultaneously account for positional externalities and equilibrium find interaction ef...

Increasing the price of alcohol has been shown to reduce alcoholrelated harm (Babor et al., 2010). Thus the price of alcohol is a relevant consideration in improving the health of the population. Existing regulatory strategies to manipulate price include changing tax rates or specific price controls such as minimum unit pricing (MUP). The effects of these strategies on overall consumption are s...