The purpose of this study is to establish whether the use of information technology (IT) by elected municipal representatives, for constituency work, emboldens the adoption of e-service in municipals of a developing country. The research data was obtained through the completion of a questionnaire by a sample of respondents who serve as authorities of IT in South African municipals. The findings...

This paper describes a method using commonsense knowledge for discarding spurious syntactic ambiguities introduced by postverbal prepositional phrase attachment during parsing. A completely naive parser will generate three parses for sentences of the form NP-V-Det-N-PP. The prepositions alone are insufficiently precise in meaning to guide selection among competing parses. The method is imbedded...

We study bureaucratic corruption in a model in which a constituency sets required levels for a given set of activities. Each activity is carried out by an external provider, and its realization is supervised by a bureaucrat. While bureaucrats are supposed to act on behalf of the constituency, they can decide to be corrupt and allow providers to deliver lower activity levels than contracted in e...

Recently, a new breed of representative director has featured European and American corporate boards: activist-nominated directors. Activistnominated directors are sponsored by hedge funds in course an activist campaign targeting listed corporation bid to amplify funds’ direct influence board deliberations. Constituency deeply rooted (Continental) governance may find that the decision-making pr...

Abstract In recent years, dependency grammars have established themselves as valuable tools in theoretical and computational linguistics. To many linguists, the more standard constituency-based formalisms are notational variants. We argue that, beyond considerations of formal equivalence, cognition may also serve a background for genuine comparison between these different views syntax. this pap...

Parser evaluation traditionally relies on evaluation metrics which deliver a single aggregate score over all sentences in the parser output, such as PARSEVAL. However, for the evaluation of parser performance concerning a particular phenomenon, a test suite of sentences is needed in which this phenomenon has been identified. In recent years, the parsing of discontinuous structures has received ...

Prosody simultaneously encodes different kinds of information, including the type of speech act of an utterance (e.g., falling declarative vs. rising interrogative intonational tunes), the location of semantic focus (via prosodic prominence), and syntactic constituent structure (via prosodic phrasing). The syntactic/semantic functional dimensions (speech act, focus, constituency) are orthogonal...