We propose in this paper a formal framework based on the B method, that supports the development of secured smart card applications. Accordingly to the Common Criteria methodology, we focus on the formal definition and modelling of access control policies by means of dedicated B models expressing, on one hand, the access control rules, and, on the other hand, the dynamics of the system. These m...

This study empirically examines whether managers manipulate reported income through the timing of sales of long-lived assets and investments. Several empirical implications of the income-smoothing and debt-equity hypothesis in the context of asset sales were tested. The findings are consistent with the timing of asset sales by managers so that the recognized accounting income from these sales s...

In this paper we discuss the development and evaluation of our prototype technologies and procedures for far-term air traffic control operations with automation for separation assurance, weather avoidance and schedule conformance. Controller-in-the-loop simulations in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at the NASA Ames Research Center in 2010 have shown very promising results. We found the oper...

We present a novel and generalised notion of doping cleanness for cyber-physical systems that allows perturbing the inputs observing perturbed outputs both in time- value-domains. instantiate our definition using existing notions conformance systems. As formal basis monitoring conformance-based cleanness, we develop temporal logic HyperSTL*, an extension Signal Temporal Logics with trace quanti...

We review and compare three notions of conformance testing for cyber-physical systems. We begin with a review of their underlying semantic models and present conformance-preserving translations between them. We identify the differences in the underlying semantic models and the various design decisions that lead to these substantially different notions of conformance testing. Learning from this ...

Even though generics became quite popular in mainstream objectoriented (OO) languages, approaches for checking at runtime the conformance of such programs against formal specifications still lack appropriate support. In order to overcome this limitation within CONGU, a tool-based approach we have been developing to support runtime conformance checking of Java programs against algebraic specific...