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There are two major traditions in formal logic: term logic and propo-sitional/predicate logic, exempliied respectively by the Syllogism of Aristotle and the First-Order Predicate Logic founded by Frege, Rus-sell, and Whitehead. Term logic is diierent from predicate logic in both its knowledge representation language and its inference rules. Term logic represents knowledge in subject{predicate s...

deviding both the subjects and the predicates of the categorical propositions into actuality and verity, afzal al-din khunaji states the actuality-parts as adjectives, but verity-parts in three forms: as simple, as relational and as conditional. since the adjectives are formulated in modern logic by conjunction, we can formulate actuality-parts as conjunctions. verity-parts can be formulated at...

A considerable amount of studies have been established on conditional reasoning supporting mental model theory of propositional reasoning. Mental model theory proposed by Johnson- larid and Byrne is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something occurs in the real world. Conditional reasoning as a kind of reasoning is the way to speak about possibilities or probabilities. The a...

N.B.: For the references, please see Selected Bibliography on Aristotle's Theory of Categorical Syllogism "When modem logicians in the 1920s and 1930s first turned their attention to the problem of understanding Aristotle’s contribution to logic in modern terms, they were guided both by the Frege-Russell conception of logic as formal ontology and at the same time by a desire to protect Aristotl...

in this paper the conditional location problem is discussed. conditional location problems have a wide range of applications in location science. a new meta-heuristic algorithm for solving conditional p-median problems is proposed and results are compared to those of the previous studies. this algorithm produces much better results than the previous formulations.

Apparently Ex Falso Quodlibet (or Explosion) cannot be isolated within CL (Classical Logic); if Explosion has to go, then so have other inference rules, for example either Addition or Disjunctive Syllogism. This certainly holds according to the standard abstract view on logic. However, as I shall show, it does not hold if a logic is defined by a procedure—a set of instructions to obtain a proof...

Subjects completed a belief questionnaire that contained propositions of the form "X implies Y." In some cases, the questionnaire items included both premises and the conclusion of a syllogism of the form "A implies B, B implies C, A implies C" (e.g., "Taking vitamin C will increase resistance to infection," "Increasing resistance to infection will prevent colds," and "Taking vitamin C will pre...