Deep sea water (DSW), originally pumped from the Pacific Rim off the coast of Hualien County (Taiwan), and its mineral constituents, were concentrated by a low-temperature vacuum evaporation system to produce a hardness of approximately 400,000 mg/L of seawater mineral concentrate. The primary composition of this seawater mineral concentrate was ionic magnesium (Mg²⁺), which was approximately 9...

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of herbage or concentrate feeding system and tannin addition to diet on skatole and indole in ruminal fluid and adipose tissue and meat sensory properties. Twenty-eight male lambs aged 45 days were randomly assigned to one of two feeding systems (vetch green herbage or concentrates, n = 14) and within feeding system to one supp...

The use of brackish groundwater (BGW) to supplement irrigation shortfalls has increased because decreasing surface water availability in the arid areas southern United States. Reuse reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate, a by-product resulting from desalination BGW, can increase portfolio. This 2-yr greenhouse study aimed quantify changes physical and thermal soil properties, evapotranspiration (ET)...

Production responses obtained with supplemental protein from expeller soybean meal or corn by-products, relative to solvent soybean meal, were determined in three replicated 4 x 4 Latin square trials. Dietary forage (54 to 58% of DM) was solely alfalfa silage containing 30 to 55% DM and 21% CP (DM basis). Main concentrate ingredient was either ground shelled or high moisture corn; diets were fe...

Riyue Liu, Yue Chen, Rui Zhang, Yaxin Liu, Nianzhi Jiao, Qinglu Zeng Division of Life Science and Environmental Science Programs, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, C...

or other botanicals, amino acids or a “concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combinations of these ingredients.”8,12 The DSHEA eliminated the requirement that the FDA review efficacy and safety data for these products—providing that no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease.1 This legislation also eased marketing restrictions for dietary supplements.2,3 Accordi...

In recent years, interest in the use of peat as a feed supplement has increased, particularly due to its capacity prevent enteric diseases and stimulate growth animals poultries. Peat is an easily available natural material source biologically active substances widely used, not only agriculture but human animal medicine well. Biological activity various preparations associated with fluctuations...