Neutrophils play a crucial early role during the innate response, but little is known about their possible contribution when an adaptive immune response is installed. A robust neutrophilia and a T helper 1 (Th1) immune response are present after immunization with Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA). We show that when FITC-labeled OVA was injected into the footpad of OVA/CFA immunized mice, the main ...

The stepping forces of normal and Freund Complete Adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritic rats were studied in vivo using a proposed novel analgesic meter. An infrared charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a data acquisition system were incorporated into the analgesic meter to determine and measure the weight of loads on the right hind paw before and after induction of arthritis by FCA injection into...

Neutrophils play a crucial early role during the innate response, but little is known about their possible contribution when an adaptive immune response is installed. A robust neutrophilia and a T helper 1 (Th1) immune response are present after immunization with Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA). We show that when FITC-labeled OVA was injected into the footpad of OVA/CFA immunized mice, the main ...

The success of many vaccines relies on their association with selected adjuvants in order to increase their immunogenicity and ensure long-term protection. Propolis is a natural compounds, are mostly known for their immunostimulatory  properties. In this study the adjuvant effects of propolis in combination with formalin-killed A. hydrophila vaccine in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluat...

background and objectives rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic inflammatory disease which is characterized by joint swelling, and synovial inflammation. c reactive protein (crp) and ceruloplasmin (cp) are identified as important biomarkers of ra and various inflammatory diseases. curcumin, a widely used yellow color spice is the most active component of curcuma longa l (turmeric). curcumin co...

FREUND, A. (1973). PhD Thesis, Technische Universit/it Mtinchen. FREUND, A. (1975a). Anomalous Scattering, Edited by S. RAMASESHAN & S. C. ABRAHAMS, pp. 69--84. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. FREU , A. (1975b). Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 124, 93-99. FREUND, A. (1976). Progress in Neutron Monochromator Development at the Institut Laue-Langevin. Proceedings of the Gatlinburg Conference, June 1976, USA. FREUND...

Disseminated encephalomyelitis was readily induced in mice of the Swiss strain by means of repeated intramuscular and subcutaneous injections of apparently normal mouse brain mixed with an adjuvant. The latter consisted of autoclaved virulent tubercle bacilli and heavy liquid petrolatum, a modification of the Freund adjuvant. The syndrome and the histopathological picture of the induced malady ...

introduction: immune system is involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of inflammation and vitamins are important sources of substances inducing nonspecific immunomodulatory effects. given the proinflammatory role of cytokines in the inflammation and pain induction, this study aimed to assess the effects of long-term administration of vitamin b1 on the proinflammatory cytokines, edema, and...

N-Acetylmuramyi-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide, MDP) 1 was shown (1) to be the minimal and essential s t ructure requi red for adjuvant activity o f bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans. Fur ther , MDP has been found to possess various biological activities, o ther than adjuvant activity, that are exer ted by bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans. Since MDP is such a potent immunomodula ...