The history of observations and experimental work on compensatory changes following the loss of renal mass, and the historical reasons for the distinction between the concepts of compensatory adaptation (of renal functions) and of compensatory hypertrophy (of nephrons) are outlined. While the effector mechanisms of both types of compensatory changes are being elucidated at a rapid pace, many qu...

This paper extends previous work on the Darwinian evolutionary fitness effect of the fixation of deleterious mutations by incorporating compensatory mutations, which are mutations (deleterious by themselves) that ameliorate other deleterious mutations, thus reducing the genetic load of populations. Since having compensatory mutations essentially changes the distributional shapes of deleterious ...

To facilitate online consumer decision making, a number of e-commerce businesses are augmenting their Web site features. The Web-based decision support for consumers is often provided by eliciting consumer preferences directly or indirectly to generate a set of product recommendations. The software that captures consumer preferences and provides recommendations is called a Web-based decision su...

Inherited leukodystrophies are a group of neurological disorders with significant morbidity and mortality. Children and their families can experience lengthy diagnostic odysseys; however, there is no data on the charges related to testing for diagnosis in leukodystrophy patients, compared to approaches using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Our objective was to determine charges related to the...

BACKGROUND Pre- and postoperative rehabilitation are important to the management of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but little attention has been given to the costs. This study evaluated the pre- and postoperative rehabilitation charges in patients with ACL reconstruction in the United States. HYPOTHESIS Patients receive preoperative rehabilitation less commonly...