Generalizing Belnap's system of epistemic states [Bel77] we obtain the system of disjunctive factbases which is the paradigm for all other kinds of disjunctive knowledge bases. Disjunctive factbases capture the nonmonotonic reasoning based on paraminimal models. In the schema of a disjunctive factbase, certain predicates of the resp. domain are declared to be exact, i.e. two-valued, and in turn...

Field-level exercises with the purpose to assess remediation following deliberate release of a highly toxic chemical in an indoor environment can be conducted using low(er) toxicity simulants if they are closely linked behavior itself. Chemical warfare agent (CWA) have been identified on their suitability based structural similarities and associated physical properties. However, there no report...

The potential of Cooperia oncophora excretory/secretory (ES) proteins as antigens in a serological assay which aims to establish exposure levels in cattle was assessed. ES proteins were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The N-terminal domains of two ES proteins were sequenced, and the corresponding cDNAs were cloned. Two cDNAs, designate...

Common decision support tools and a growing body of knowledge about ecological recovery can help inform and guide large state and federal restoration programs affecting thousands of impaired waters. Under the federal Clean Water Act (CWA), waters not meeting state Water Quality Standards due to impairment by pollutants are placed on the CWA Section 303(d) list, scheduled for Total Maximum Daily...

Semantic web techniques based on ontologies are a possible means for modelling and validating complex, safety-critical products like airplanes or automobiles. For validation purposes, checks based on the Open World Assumption (OWA) as well as checks based on the Closed World Assumption (CWA) are both valuable. Based on a survey of existing semantic-based approaches, we present a novel approach ...

This study used the publication Storm Data to compile a climatology of flash floods reported in the Binghamton, NY (BGM) County Warning Area (CWA) of the National Weather Service (NWS). This work revealed diurnal and seasonal trends in flash flood frequency across the CWA. Also evident was a spatial disparity in the number of flash flood reports in different portions of the CWA. In some cases, ...

In data envelopment analysis (DEA), mul-tiplier and envelopment CCR models eval-uate the decision-making units (DMUs) under optimal conditions. Therefore, the best prices are allocated to the inputs and outputs. Thus, if a given DMU was not efficient under optimal conditions, it would not be considered efficient by any other models. In the current study, using common weights in DEA, a number of...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is the most popular mathematical approach to assess efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). In complex organizations, DMUs face a heterogeneous condition regarding environmental factors which affect their efficiencies. When there are large number objects, non-homogeneity significantly influences scores that leads unfair ranking DMUs. The aim this study deal w...

Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) is a central vegetation property that plays an important role in assessments of ecosystem functions. In this study, LDMC was estimated from hyperspectral airborne image by inversion of the INFORM radiative transfer model using Continuous Wavelet Analysis (CWA). Stand parameters were collected for 33 sample plots during a field campaign in July 2013 in the Bavarian...

When using ontologies to access instance data, it can be useful to make a closed world assumption (CWA) for some predicates and an open world assumption (OWA) for others. The main problem with such a setup is that conjunctive query (CQ) answering becomes intractable already for inexpressive description logics such as DL-Lite and EL. We take a closer look at this situation and carry out a fine-g...