in recent years many transformations have occurred in iranian society and women and girls still have a lot of worries about comes to urban public spaces. also, due to some ambiguities in defining the domain of public space in traditional islamic cities and gaps in the knowledge related to the kurdish cities, the main problem of this paper is how we can define a participatory approach to improve...

The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives released a study in early January highlighting the growing income disparities between the richest and poorest Canadians. Income tax files from 2007 show that the average income of the top 1% of income earners was over $400,000 compared to about $44,000 for the average Canadian, almost a tenfold difference. Those who laboured at the minimum wage earned...

A model of social interactions shows why and when reputation concerns may support an ‘underclass’ culture of street crime where the incentives for such behavior are otherwise weak. Those who do not gain from street crime directly nevertheless find it optimal to invest in violence and thereby build a reputation that will earn them deference from the rest of the community. Even when the fraction ...

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in commercial street sex workers (CSSW) in Jamaica. METHODS The prevalence of C trachomatis infection was determined in 129 Jamaican CSSW using the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) method and the isolation techniques which utilise fluorescent and iodine staining of endocervical cytobrush specimens cultured in ...

background to get more precise responses when gathering information about sensitive topics such as drug use, it is important to use the most optimal method. objectives this study was carried out to address the impact of three interview methods (street-based, household, and telephone interviews) on response pattern to sensitive and non-sensitive questions in terms of participation, disclosure an...

This paper uses graph theoretical measures to analyse the relationship between street network usage, as well other street- and area-level factors, dissident Republican violence in Belfast. A multi-level statistical model is used. Specifically, we employ an observation-level random-effects (OLRE) Poisson regression use variables at area levels. Street- characteristics simultaneously influence wh...

This paper analyzes and explores the use of language in public spaces using field linguistics landscape. The purpose is to indicate analyze linguistic landscape features billboards, road signs, commercial shop campaign posters, etc that found Braga Street, Bandung City. Street one famous areas because has many unique buildings so people, especially youngsters come even just hang out. data colle...