Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is one of the most important layers of Cloud Computing. However, there is an evident deficiency of mechanisms for analysis, comparison and evaluation of IaaS cloud implementations, since no unified taxonomy or reference architecture is available. In this article, we propose a unified taxonomy and an IaaS architectural framework. The taxonomy is structured arou...

This paper considers the technology needs for autonomous underwater vehicles as the middle layer of a three-layer process. The first layer is the high level User Requirement, which may be stated in the form of business objectives such as ‘competitive running cost’ or ‘less than 1 hour per week downtime’. These business objectives map on to the middle layer of specific, but generic technology ne...

Vaccination of multi-age layer operations, wherein one million plus commercial layer chickens are housed, has been spurious until the development of a self-propelled, constant-speed spray vaccinator. Still, even with its use, live Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccinations have been questionable in terms of seroconversion. Using the vaccinator as a research tool over the past 5 yr, factors have...

avian influenza is a contagious viral disease affecting the respiratory, digestive and nervous system of birds belong to orthomyxovirus family. in the chicken mx gene, type of amino acid at position 631 determines the antiviral activity against influenza and vesicular stomatitis virus. a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) at position 2032, responsible for the variation of amino acid at positi...

A probe-fed circularly polarized 3-layer stacked patch antenna is presented and simulated by using Commercial Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator. The design consists of three patches and three substrates. The lower and middle patches are of square-shaped where as the upper patch is of triangular-shaped. One slot is inserted in the lower layer, two slots are inserted in the middle layer a...

Chickens from seven different parental lines of commercial White Leghorn layer flocks from three independent breeders were inoculated with a naturally occurring avian leukosis virus (ALV) containing an ALV-B envelope and an ALV-J long terminal repeat (LTR) termed ALV-B/J. Additional groups of chickens from the same seven parental lines were inoculated with ALV-B. Chickens were tested for ALV vi...