concept argue that from 9 to 23 percent of the cellular metabolic energy is required for the operation of the sodium pump (3). The question is, then, whether the cell can provide the energy necessary to pump potassium, calcium, magnesium, sugars, and amino acids if it takes 10 percent of the energy to run only one pump? Recently, some alternative hypotheses, often referred to, in general, as th...

In clinical dermatology, few questions are asked more commonly than “What is the best way for me to clean my skin or hair?” The modern dermatologist needs to be familiar with the physiologic action of cleansing products available on the market. This familiarity should include chemical composition, application, cosmetic benefits, and safety, as well as potential hazards. This knowledge must be a...

Generating stable conditions for membrane proteins after extraction from their lipid bilayer environment is essential for subsequent characterization. Detergents are the most widely used means to obtain this stable environment; however, different types of membrane proteins have been found to require detergents with varying properties for optimal extraction efficiency and stability after extract...

The ability of various nonionic detergents to solubilize D-alanine carboxypeptidase and other membrane-bound enzymes was correlated to a physical property of the detergent, the HLB number. Only a fairly narrow range of detergents were effective solubilizing agents. Purified carboxypeptidase required either a detergent or detergent plus a lipid fraction for stability. Only those detergents effec...

Voltammetric measurements of dissolved surface-active substances in aqueous solutions, as specific commercial detergents, are described in the present paper. Two voltammetric methods based on the adsorption phenomena at mercury electrode/aqueous solution interface were performed in order to obtain the analytical signal for the detergent analysis. The first method was direct current polarography...

Previously, toxicity of some synthetic detergents (including laundry detergents) to the plant seedlings several species terrestrial higher plants was discovered in research conducted at Moscow University by S.A.Ostroumov. A new example a detergent found this study. The tested, namely liquid (LLD) “Blue Moon”, which manufactured Blue Moon Group Co, Ltd (Guangzhou, China), produced noticeable phy...

Introduction – Eutrophication is a serious problem This article compares the toxic effects of detergents of different types on aquatic organisms and is intended to outline the research comparing the toxicity of phosphate detergents with the toxicity of zeolite ones. Particular attention is given to the comparison of zeolitic and phosphate detergents. Phosphates are an important component in syn...

In membrane protein biochemical and structural studies, detergents are used to mimic membrane environment and maintain functional, stable conformation of membrane proteins in the absence of lipid bilayers. However, detergent concentration, esp. molar ratio of membrane protein to detergent is usually unknown. Here, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) method...