This guideline provides an approach to the prevention of acute antineoplastic-induced nausea and vomiting (AINV) in children. It was developed by an international, inter-professional panel using AGREE and CAN-IMPLEMENT methods. Evidence-based interventions that provide optimal AINV control in children receiving antineoplastic agents of high, moderate, low, and minimal emetogenicity are recommen...

Defects in apoptotic pathways can promote cancer cell survival and also confer resistance to antineoplastic drugs. One pathway being targeted for antineoplastic therapy is the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, Bfl1/A-1, and Bcl-B) that bind to and inactivate BH3-domain pro-apoptotic proteins. Signals transmitted by cellular damage (includi...

125 Determination of Urinary Cyclophosphamide in Oncology Nurses Handling Antineoplastic Drugs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Summary : The aim of the study was to detect exposure to antineoplastic drugs, using cyclophosphamide (CP) as the model compound, in nurses who worked in oncology departments of hospitals. Chemotherapy with antineoplastic agents is often used in the treatment of...

Six murine tumors, including ascetic tumors HepA, EC, P388 leukemia, S180 and solid tumor S180, and Lewis lung carcinoma, were employed in this work. The free sialic acid concentrations in both blood and ascites were measured in tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that the content of sialic acids in blood was increased in tumor growth and certain tumor types. Higher sialic acid content was o...

As the geriatric population is growing, it is increasingly important to be familiar with chemotherapy for the elderly. Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics are documented for doxorubicin, etoposide, ifosfamide, daunorubicin, mitomycin, cisplatin and methotrexate. The hematological toxicity of most standard-dose chemotherapy is not affected by age in patients with normal organic functions and...

Seventy-seven patients have been treated with total-body hyperthermia to 42 degrees C alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy in a preliminary investigation of this modality. Most had advanced cancers progressing despite other antineoplastic therapy. An overall objective response rate of 43% was obtained, with an additional 15% achieving good subjective palliation...

In the last 3-5 years strong evidence has been gathered demonstrating ErbB3 as a key node for the progression of several cancer types. From the mechanistic standpoint the intracellular region of this receptor is rich of tyrosine residues that, upon phosphorylation, become high affinity binding sites for PI3K and other proteins involved in signal transduction. The involvement of ErbB3 occurs at ...

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is still a common and debilitating side effect despite recent advances in its prevention and treatment. The intrinsic emetogenicity of chemotherapy agents allowed grouping into four risk groups (high, moderate, low, and minimal risk of emetogenicity). The prevention of acute and delayed CINV for intravenous agents and one day regimens is well stud...

With the rise in availability and increasing use of oral anticancer agents, concerns about adherence to prescribed regimens will become an increasingly important issue in oncology. Few published studies have focused on adherence to oral antineoplastic therapy, in part because the vast majority of chemotherapy is delivered intravenously in physicians' offices or hospitals. In this article, we re...

Antineoplastic drugs (ANPDs) are a heterogeneous group of chemicals that include alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide, melphalan, chlorambucil), antimetabolites (e.g., thioguanine, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate), antibiotics (e.g., doxorubicin), mitotic spindle inhibitors (e.g., vincristine), hormones (e.g., diethylstilbestrol, free radical generators (e.g., bleomycin) and topoisomerase inh...