BACKGROUND Treatment of rare severe side effects of vaccinia virus (VACV) immunization in humans is currently very challenging. VACV possesses two immunologically distinct virion forms in vivo - intracellular mature virion (MV, IMV) and extracellular virion (EV, EEV). METHODS Antibody-mediated therapeutic efficacy was determined against VACV infection in a small animal model of progressive va...

A successful gene therapy clinical trial that also encountered serious adverse effects has sparked extensive study and debate about the future directions for retrovirus-mediated interventions. Treatment of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency with an oncoretrovirus harboring a normal copy of the gammac gene was applied in two clinical trials, essentially curing 13 of 16 infants, restoring ...

In the US, the assay of T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in newborn dried blood spot specimens to detect severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) was first piloted in 2008 in the state of Wisconsin. It has been rapidly adopted with 49 states and Puerto Rico now either routinely screening all newborns or planning to do so in 2017. Advances in SCID NBS over the last 9 years have revolution...

INTRODUCTION About 20% of the cases of human severe combined immunodeficiency are the result of the child being homozygous for defective genes encoding the enzyme adenosine deaminase. To our knowledge, the mutation pattern in Arab patients with severe combined immunodeficiency has never been reported previously. CASE PRESENTATION A 14-month-old Arab boy had clinical features typical of severe...

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) represents a rare group of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs), with known or unknown genetic alterations. Here, we report a new interleukin 2 receptor, gamma chain (IL-2RG) mutation in an Iranian SCID newborn. The patient was a 6-day old boy with a family history of PID. The child was screened using a molecular-based analysis for the assessment of ...

the effects of coatingtreatments (waxand plasticbags) combined with methylsalicylate on the fruit quality and chilling injury of moro blood orange were studied during storage. treated fruits were kept in storage for 80 days at 5 oc and 90-95% relative humidity. some characteristics such as pulp and skin total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanin, lipid peroxidation, and the chilli...

Layered periodic foundations (LPFs) with identical unit cells have been proposed as a type of seismic metamaterials due to the unique dynamic characteristic attenuation zones. However, it is difficult design zones both comparatively low starting frequencies and large bandwidths for traditional LPFs cells. In this paper, combined layered (CLPFs) are by combining two different in tandem. Combined...

Interest in multimodal optimization is expanding rapidly, since many practical engineering problems demand the localization of multiple optima within a search space. On the other hand, the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is a simple and effective global optimization algorithm which can not be directly applied to solve multimodal optimization problems. This paper proposes a new multimodal optimizat...

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a large euphausiid, widely distributed within the Southern Ocean [1], and a key species in the Antarctic food web [2]. The Discovery Investigations in the early 20(th) century, coupled with subsequent work with both nets and echosounders, indicated that the bulk of the population of postlarval krill is typically confined to the top 150 m of the water colum...