The cold gelation of preheated whey protein isolate (WPI) solutions at alkaline conditions (pH>10) has been studied to better understand the effect of NaOH in the formation and destruction of whey protein aggregates and gels. Oscillatory rheology has been used to follow the gelation process, resulting in novel and different gelation profiles with the gelation pH. At low alkaline pH, typical sol...

BACKGROUND Perineal trauma is common during childbirth and may be painful. Contemporary maternity practice includes offering women numerous forms of pain relief, including the local application of cooling treatments. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of localised cooling treatments compared with no treatment, other forms of cooling treatments and non-cooling treatments...

In this paper we describe the rheological behaviour of Ca2+-induced cold-set gels of whey protein mixtures. Coldset gels are important applications for products with a low thermal stability. In previous work [1], we determined the state diagram for whey protein mixtures that were heated for 10 h at pH 2 at 80°C. Under these conditions, the major whey protein, b-lactoglobulin (b-lg), forms fibri...

Bacteria respond to a decrease in temperature with the induction of proteins that are classified as cold-induced proteins (CIPs). Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the cold shock response in Bacillus subtilis. After a shift from 37 to 15 degrees C the synthesis of a majority of proteins was repressed; in contrast, 37 proteins were synthesized at rates higher than preshift r...

PURPOSE To describe the self-reported ambient cold exposure in northern Sweden and to relate the level of cumulative cold exposure to the occurrence of sensory and vascular hand symptoms. We hypothesize that cold exposure is positively related to reporting such symptoms. METHODS A questionnaire about cold exposure and related symptoms was sent out to 35,144 subjects aged 18-70 years and livin...

this study aimed to determine the effects of different shading ratio and covers on “sultana seedless” table grape quality and storability. grapevines were covered at the veraison stage with 3 shading nets (0, 35, and 75% shading), which were then replaced with covering materials including polypropylene cross-stitch (pc), life pack (lp) and mogul (mg), just before harvest. harvested grapes in al...

Roll clouds and associated roll convection, are fairly common features of the atmospheric boundary layer. While these organized cumuliform clouds are found over many regions of the planet, they are quite ubiquitous near the edge of the polar ice sheets. In particular, during periods of off-ice flow, when cold polar air flows from the ice pack over the relatively warm ocean water, strong boundar...

Active microwave sensors, especially high-frequency radar systems, are highly sensitive to snow pack parameters, including Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), which is a crucial parameter in the studies of hydrology and climatology. For example, studies using Ku-band observations from scatterometer QuickSCAT and POLSCAT have shown significant radar backscattering responses on SWE variations. It has be...