cd27 is a biomarker associated with both t-cells and b-cells activation .plasma soluble cd27 (scd27) was identified as  a marker of disease outcome in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection .testing of plasma scd27 represents a good tool to monitor the change of immune activation during hiv infection.we sought to analyses role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and also gb virus type c (gbv-c) co...

conclusions mp, flub and rsv are the principal contributors to ari in the hubei area, with mixed infections, typically of mp and flub, being the most common pathogens statistically significant between different age groups. background acute respiratory infection (ari) is one of the primary diseases that cause high morbidity and mortality to children especially in developing countries. ari can co...

Malaria and Tuberculosis are both the severe causing death diseases in world. The occurrence of TB malaria as a coinfection is also an alarming threat to human. Therefore, we consider mathematical model dynamics tuberculosis explore its theoretical results. We formulate obtain their basic properties. show that at disease free case each locally asymptotically stable, when reproduction number les...

We describe a patient with advanced HIV infection and Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with Toxoplasma gondii coinfection. A multidisciplinary effort and state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques were required for diagnosis. Our patient is the first reported case of an HIV-infected person with dual Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with neurot...

INTRODUCTION The introduction of molecular techniques has enabled better understanding of the etiology of respiratory tract infections in children. The objective of the study was to analyze viral coinfection and its relationship to clinical severity. METHODS Hospitalized pediatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of respiratory infection were studied during the period between 2009-2010. Cli...

COVID-19 and its sequelae are primarily known to affect the respiratory system. However, it can have varied manifestations affecting other systems as well. lead reactivation of tuberculosis which unusual extrapulmonary presentations Coinfection is a risk factor for poor outcome. Here, we describe series two cases with tuberculosis. In first case, patient who had apparently recovered from presen...

BACKGROUND Human T lymphotropic virus types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) are frequent copathogens among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The long-term effects of coinfection are unknown, and little information exists regarding how levels of HTLV-1/2 viral burden are affected by antiretroviral medications. METHODS Factors associated with HTLV-1/2 viral burden...

Increasing clinical lines of evidence have shown the coinfection/superinfection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Here, we investigated whether PCV2 and CSFV could infect the same cell productively by constructing an in vitro coinfection model. Our results indicated that PCV2-free PK15 cells but not ST cells were more sensitive to PCV2, and the PK15 cel...

Background Molecular diagnostics enable sensitive detection of respiratory viruses, but their clinical significance remains unclear in pediatric lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). We aimed to determine whether viral coinfections increased life-threatening disease in a large cohort. Methods Molecular testing was performed for respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates collected fro...

Even though the pandemic caused by Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) infection has been extensively investigated, there are few studies that have examined the impact of viral coinfection on disease severity, and they have yielded conflicting results. In this issue of the Jornal de Pediatria, Scotta et al.1 report on a retrospective study of 120 Brazilian children hospitalized with pH1N1 infection,...