Prospect theory scholars have identified important human decision-making biases, but they have been conspicuously silent on the question of the origin of these biases. Here we create a model that shows preferences consistent with prospect theory may have an origin in evolutionary psychology. Specifically, we derive a model from risk-sensitive optimal foraging theory to generate an explanation f...

Communication is not as smooth a process as current pragmatic theories depict it. In Rapaport’s words “We almost always fail [...]. Yet we almost always nearly succeed: This is the paradox of communication” (Rapaport 2003: 402). This paper claims that there is a need for an approach that is able to explain this “bumpy road” by analyzing both the positive and negative features of the communicati...

Optimal delivery scheme for coded caching problems with small buffer sizes and the number of users no less than the amount of files in the server was proposed by Chen, Fan and Letaief [“Fundamental limits of caching: improved bounds for users with small buffers," IET Communications, 2016]. This scheme is referred to as the CFL scheme. In this paper, the link between the server and the users is ...

We present a categorization of contextual constraints, and discuss their uses in embodied agent architectures. “Context” has been described as a difficult term to define, because it’s: (1) used across numerous disciplines in cognitive science and computer science; (2) relative to an agent, or device; and (3) relative to the cognitive process being examined and experimented upon. As such, contex...

OBJECTIVE The potential advantage of visual momentum in the form of smooth rotation between two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) displays of geographic terrain was examined. BACKGROUND The relative effectiveness of 2-D and 3-D displays is task dependent, leading to the need for multiple frames of reference as users switch tasks. The use of smooth rotation to provide visual moment...

Context awareness is the key to any active assistance system. The Human Behavior Monitoring and Support project (HBMS) applies a multilevel context modeling approach, aiming to achieve context readability, reuse, adaptability and interoperability. The HBMS-System is the resulting active assistance system, which is multiply deployable in different domains to support the behavior of users in situ...

Semantic similarity measurement is a key methodology in various domains ranging from cognitive science to geographic information retrieval on the Web. Meaningful notions of similarity, however, cannot be determined without taking additional contextual information into account. One way to make similarity measures context-aware is by introducing weights for specific characteristics. Existing appr...

In a world of increasing dynamism, context-awareness gives promise through the ability to detect changes in the context of devices, environment, and people. Equally, with stream reasoning using languages including C-SPARQL, continuous streams of raw data in RDF can be reasoned over for context-awareness. Writing many context queries and rules this way can however be error prone, and often conta...

This paper deals with the extraction of the hedgerow and copse network from hyperspectral images acquired with the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI). The strategy of segmentation integrates several levels of data fusion allowing a decision to be taken concerning the membership of each pixel to the hedgerow and copse network from the large set of original data. The first level leads ...

When designing process-aware information systems, usually, variants of the same process type have to be defined and maintained. Each of these process variants constitutes an adjustment of the same process to specific requirements building the variant context. Current business process management tools do not support the context-based definition and configuration of such variants in an adequate m...