b ackground: due to the lack of a suitable and economic test for the analysis of the polymorphism at codon 167, we developed a new pcr-rflp technique, based on a modified forward primer (ut- hc167 mf-primer), to identify simultaneously the snps at codons 167 and 200 of isotype 1 β-tubu- lin gene of haemonchus contortus . m ethods: there already are several safe and easy methods for identificati...

conclusions the results of this study demonstrated that the tpasp-padre-truncated orf2 gene cassette and the truncated orf2 gene in recombinant plasmids are successfully expressed in eukaryotic cells. the immunogenicity of the two recombinant plasmids with different formulations will be evaluated as a novel dna vaccine in future investigations. results sequence analysis and bioinformatics studi...

BACKGROUND Germline mutations of the REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene cause multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2). It is unclear whether the distribution of RET mutations varies among populations. The first nationwide study of the distribution of RET mutations was conducted, and the results were compared to those of other populations. METHODS This retrospective cohort study...

The X circular code is a set of 20 trinucleotides (codons) that has been identified in the protein-coding genes most organisms (bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, plasmids, viruses). It shown previously important mathematical property being an error-correcting code. Thus, motifs code, i.e. series codons belonging to and called motifs, allow identification maintenance reading frame genes. are signif...

The relationship between G + C-content and codon usage in genes of human, mus, rat, bovine and chicken nuclear genomes was investigated. Correlation and lineal regression analyses were carried out on plots that related the frequency of each codon within each synonymous codon group to the G + C-content of the coding sequence as a whole. Under GC pressure, in most of the quartet codon groups ther...

In theory, codon models that account for the dependence of nucleotide substitutions between codon positions as well as differences between synonymous and non-synonymous changes best describe the sequence evolution in protein coding genes. However, in practice we know little about the degree to which violations of the assumptions of codon model-based estimates occur, and how significant these ar...