Isovaleryl-CoA (IV-CoA) is usually derived from the degradation of leucine by using the Bkd (branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase) complex. We have previously identified an alternative pathway for IV-CoA formation in myxobacteria that branches from the well-known mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. We identified 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase (MvaS) to be ...

The tissue-specific expression of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase gene was studied in 15-day-old suckling rats. The mRNA and protein were present in liver, intestine and kidney, but were absent from brain, heart, skeletal muscles, brown and white adipose tissues. Kidney-cortex mitochondria from suckling rats were able to produce low amounts of ketone bodies f...

A mouse homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pcd1p coenzyme A diphosphatase, NUDT7alpha, has been expressed as a thioredoxin fusion protein in Escherichia coli. NUDT7alpha is also a CoA diphosphatase of the nudix hydrolase family, and hydrolyses CoA, CoA esters and oxidized CoA with similar efficiences, yielding 3',5'-ADP and the corresponding 4'-phosphopantetheine derivative as products. ...

BACKGROUND Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) accounts for 5-8% of all congenital heart defects. CoA can be detected in up to 20% of patients with Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS), in which a part or all of one of the X chromosomes is absent. The etiology of non-syndromic CoA is poorly understood. In the present work, we test the hypothesis that rare copy number variation (CNV) especially on the gonos...

Histone acetylation depends on the abundance of nucleo-cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA. Here, we present a novel route for cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA production in brown adipocytes. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is a highly abundant brain metabolite catabolized by aspartoacylase yielding aspartate and acetate. The latter can be further used for acetyl-CoA production. Prior to this work, the presence of NAA has no...

Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) catalyzes 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA cleavage into acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA in isoleucine catabolism and interconversion between acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA in ketone body metabolism. T2 deficiency is a rare metabolic disease of autosomal recessive inheritance. The disorder is characterized by intermittent ketoacidotic episodes. The onset of clini...

A series of hybrids between primary human cells and a Chinese hamster somatic cell mutant (Mev-1), defective in expression of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase [(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA-lyase (CoA-acetylating, EC 4.1.3.5], has been prepared that complements the mutant defect. A technique based on differential sensitivity of this enzyme...

Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. (Compositae) (ASL) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat different hepatic diseases. However, a hypolipidemic effect of ASL on fatty liver disease has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated whether 95% ethanol eluate (EE), an active part of ASL, would attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation in human HepG2 cells by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (...

Our study aimed to produce the commercially promising platform chemical 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) via the propionyl-CoA pathway in genetically engineered Escherichia coli. Recombinant E. coli Ec-P overexpressing propionyl-CoA dehydrogenase (PACD, encoded by the pacd gene from Candida rugosa) under the T7 promoter produced 1.33 mM of 3-HP in a shake flask culture supplemented with 0.5% prop...

New isolates of solventogenic bacteria exhibited high hemicellulolytic activity. They produced butanol and acetone with high selectivity for butanol (about 80% of butanol from the total solvent yield). Their 16S rDNA sequence was 99% identical to that of Clostridium saccharobutylicum. The genes responsible for the last steps of solventogenesis and encoding crotonase, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, ...