CO-sensing properties of diode-type sensors employing an anodized TiO2 film and noble-metal (M) electrodes (M/TiO2 sensor, M: Pd, Pt, and Pd-nPt, n: the amount of Pt (wt %) in the Pd-nPt electrode) were investigated at 50–250 ◦C in dry or wet H2. All the M/TiO2 sensors showed nonlinear I–V characteristics as a diode device in air and N2, but the I–V characteristics of the sensors were actually ...

in this paper, we first review shortly movements in international monetary system and various theories of capital flows including portfolio and balance of payments approaches. then, we will focus particularly on feldstein- horioka (f-h) approach by which capital mobility is analyzed for 16 developing countries over 1980-2003 through a panel data method. the main objective of this paper is thus ...

There is now strong evidence suggesting that the CO J=1–0 transition, widely used to trace H2 gas, significantly underestimates its mass in metal-poor regions. In spiral disks such regions are found in large galactocentric distances where we show that any unaccounted H2 gas phase is likely to be diffuse (n ∼ 5− 20 cm−3) and warmer (Tkin ∼ 50− 100 K) than the cool (Tkin ∼ 15− 20 K) CO-luminous o...

The way in which the triple bond in CO dissociates, a key reaction step in the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction, is a subject of intense debate. Direct CO dissociation on a Co catalyst was probed by 12C16O/13C18O scrambling in the absence and presence of H2. The initial scrambling rate without H2 was significantly higher than the rate of CO consumption under CO hydrogenation conditions, which indi...

APEC Study Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand     Abstract:   One of the key sets of questions underlying Asia Pacific economic cooperation over the last decade has been over the nature and form of the regional trade architecture that would gradually emerge from the turmoil of the Asia-Pacific “noodle bowl” of bilateral and plurilateral FTAs, and how that architecture...

Steam reforming of ethanol in the membrane reactor using the Pd77Ag23 membrane was evaluated in Ni/CeO2 and Co/CeO2 at atmospheric pressure. At 673 K, the H2 yield in the Pd77Ag23 membrane reactor over Co/CeO2 was found to be higher than that over Ni/CeO2, although the H2 yield over Ni/CeO2 exceeded that over Co/CeO2 at 773 K. This difference was owing to their reaction mechanism. At 773 K, the...

To explain the links between population distribution and economic integration, we construct a spatial economics model with endogenous fertility. A higher population concentration increases real wages and child-raising costs, thus lowering the fertility rate. However, people migrate to more populated regions to obtain higher real wages. We show that mobility across regions results in more people...

Yes. A country’s suitability for EMU entry depends on the intensity of trade with EMU members, and the extent to which its business cycles are correlated with those of other members. But both international trade patterns and international business cycle correlations are endogenous. Theoretically, economic integration has an ambiguous effect on the degree to which business cycles are correlated ...