the concepts of free modules, projective modules, injective modules and the likeform an important area in module theory. the notion of free fuzzy modules was introducedby muganda as an extension of free modules in the fuzzy context. zahedi and ameriintroduced the concept of projective and injective l-modules. in this paper we give analternate definition for projective l-modules. we prove that e...

an r-module m is called strongly noncosingular if it has no nonzero rad-small (cosingular) homomorphic image in the sense of harada. it is proven that (1) an r-module m is strongly noncosingular if and only if m is coatomic and noncosingular; (2) a right perfect ring r is artinian hereditary serial if and only if the class of injective modules coincides with the class of (strongly) noncosingula...

The potentially important effect of gradient switching sound on brain function during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was studied by comparing experiments with low and high scanner sound levels. To provide a low sound level experiment, a sparse scanning method was used, characterized by long, 9 sec, periods of scanner silence interspersed with 1 sec echoplanar imaging (EPI) bursts....

Inelastic neutron scattering was used to measure the phonon densities of states DOSs for pure V and solid solutions of V with 6 to 7at% of Co, Nb, and Pt, at temperatures from 10 K to 1323 K. Ancillary measurements of heat capacity and thermal expansion are reported on V and V-7at%Co and used to help identify the different sources of entropy. Pure V exhibits an anomalous anharmonic stiffening o...

PURPOSE In this study, we proposed an efficient free-breathing strategy for rapid and improved cardiac diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) acquisition using a single-shot spin-echo echo planar imaging (SE-EPI) sequence. METHODS A real-time slice-following technique during free-breathing was combined with a sliding acquisition-window strategy prior Principal Component Analysis temporal Maximum In...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of our study was to determine whether hypothermia has any effects on physiological hemodynamic responses to epinephrine (Epi), and whether rewarming reverses these effects. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP), and left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume changes were recorded by using a Millar pressure-volume conductance ...

In this paper, all rings are associative with identity and all modules are unital left modules unless otherwise specified. Let R be a ring and M a module. N ≤M will mean N is a submodule of M. A submodule E of M is called essential in M (notation E ≤e M) if E∩A = 0 for any nonzero submodule A of M. Dually, a submodule S of M is called small in M (notation S M) if M = S+T for any proper submodul...

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The complex cellular network was formed by the interacting gene modules. Building 10 the high-quality RNA-seq-based Gene Co-expression Network (GCN) is critical for 11 uncovering these modules and understanding the phenotypes of an organism. Here, 12 we established and analyzed the RNA-seq-based GCNs in two monocot species rice 13 and maize, and two eudicot species Arabidopsis and soybean, and ...