the harmful effects of the long-term ocular exposure to cumulative levels of infrared radiation (ir) in glassblowing and foundries have been recognized since the late 19th century. these effects include cataracts, keratitis, and chronic dry eye problems. therefore, infrared radiation measurements are critical and need to be assessed regularly in the industries and workplaces where there are hig...

[1] We examine multidecadal changes in surface downward shortwave (SW) radiation flux, total cloud cover, SW cloud effect, and related parameters over Europe during 1965– 2004 using monthly gridded data from the Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA), synoptic cloud reports, and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). One key issue is distinguishing the effects of natural c...

During the Antarctic summer 1994r95 the values of downward and upward flux densities of both solar and terrestrial radiation were recorded at 1200 m for a period of 1 month on the Reeves Ž X X . Neve Glacier lat 74839 S, long 161835 E , near the Italian base of Terra Nova Bay. The relations ` w proposed by Swinbank Swinbank, W.C., 1963. Long-wave radiation from clear skies. Q. J. R. x w Meteoro...

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the source energy for tropospheric photolysis processes, while harmful for living organism of the earth. It is thus necessary to incorporate UV radiation for an integrated earth modeling system to predict interactions between climate, chemistry and ecosystem processed. The widely-used NCAR TUV (Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible) radiation model has been coupled ...

Global information of cloud ice water path (IWP) is urgently needed for testing of global climate models (GCMs) and other applications. Accurate quantification of the IWP is essential for characterizing the hydrological and radiation budget. For example, the reflection of shortwave radiation by ice clouds reduces the solar energy reaching the earth’s surface. Ice clouds can also trap the longwa...

The effect of UV beam, which has been emitted from a natural or a manmade source on cells has been studied in previous studies for several times. Radiation of this beam can have different effects on DNA of the cell, cytotoxicity, the structure of cellular proteins and their mechanical properties based on radiation period or frequency. The effect of radiation of two types of beams, namely UVB an...

gamma rays pose enough energy to remove electrons from atoms of absorbing material including human body and adversely affect human health. the external exposure of human beings to natural environmental gamma radiation normally exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. therefore, we monitored gamma dose rate in indoor environments and estimated corresponding annual effective dose in selec...

We investigate the star formation process in primordial environment in the presence of radiative feedback by other population III stars formed earlier. In this paper, we focus our attention on the effects by photodissociative radiation toward the full understanding of the radiative feedback effects. We perform three dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations on this issue as well as analyt...