Delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric accommodation (decreased gastric compliance) play important roles in functional dyspepsia (FD). Here we screen for a clinically used drug with an ability to improve delayed gastric emptying in rats. Oral administration of aldioxa (dihydroxyaluminum allantoinate) partially improved clonidine- or restraint stress-induced delayed gastric emptying. Admi...

BACKGROUND Postoperative pain remains a significant problem following paediatric surgery. Premedication with a suitable agent may improve its management. Clonidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist which has sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic properties. It may therefore be a useful premedication for reducing postoperative pain in children. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the evidence for the effective...

clonidine hydrochloride is an antihypertensive agent used for migraine prophylaxis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, menopausal flushing and tourette syndrome. the quantity of the active substance in pharmaceutical preparations must be within specific limits, in agreement with the respective label claim. therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the conditions for two spectroph...

The present study attempted to identify an alpha-2 agonist that could improve working memory in aged nonhuman primates without the marked hypotensive and sedative side effects produced by clonidine. Toward this end, the hypotensive, sedative, and memory-altering properties of the alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, B-HT920 and guanfacine, were compared with clonidine's effects in 9 aged rhesus monkeys...

The prefrontal cortex has been suggested as a site of action for the noradrenergic modulation of cognition. In healthy volunteers attentional deficits can be induced by the alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine, without impairment of more explicit tests of frontal lobe function. It is therefore possible that the effects of noradrenaline cannot be localized to a specific brain area such as the ...

The inhibitory action of α2-agonists on the cardiovascular neurons has been elucidated in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) but not in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). Our study aimed to clarify whether microinjection of clonidine into the CVLM elicits any cardiovascular effect and whether endogenous α2-adrenoceptor-mediated mechanisms contribute to the tonic activity of the CVLM...

BACKGROUND Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints with a highly prevalent and often chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting health-related quality of life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Salecan on fecal output and small intestinal transit in normal and two models of drug-induced constipation mice. METHODS ICR mice were a...

Laryngoscopy and intubation increases blood pressure and heart rate. The study aims to investigate the effect and safety of gabapentin, clonidine or esmolol on the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Fiftysix ASA I and II patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated to one of the four groups. First study drug was administered orally as gabapentin 1200mg or clon...

PURPOSE Amino-amide or amino-ester local anesthetics, which are currently used for topical ocular anesthesia, are short acting and may delay corneal healing with long-term use. In contrast, site 1 sodium channel blockers (S1SCBs) are potent local anesthetics with minimal adverse tissue reaction. In this study, we examined topical local anesthesia with two S1SCBs, tetrodotoxin (TTX) or saxitoxin...

INTRODUCTION Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation after the induction of anaesthesia, are nearly always associated with sympathetic hyperactivity. To 'blunt' this pressor response, various methods have been tried, but very few studies have been done to assess the effects of fentanyl orI.V. clonidine on the haemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The purpose of this st...