Hands play an important role in the spread of many viruses, thus proper and regular handwashing is considered crucial in preventing such spread, particularly in health-care settings, day-care centers, and food-handling establishments. Many viruses that are known to spread through contaminated hands can remain infectious for several hours on human hands, and also may be more resistant than the b...

We show that the fidelity decay between an initial eigenstate evolved under a unitary chaotic operator and the same eigenstate evolved under a perturbed operator saturates well before the 1=N limit expected for a generic initial state, where N is the dimension of the Hilbert space. We provide a theoretical argument and numerical evidence that, for perturbations of intermediate strength, the sat...

For applications of volume visualization in medicine, it is important to assure that the 3D images show the true anatomical situation, or at least to know about their limitations. In this paper, various methods for evaluation of image quality are reviewed. They are classified based on the fundamental terms of intelligibility and fidelity, and discussed with respect to the question what clues th...

OBJECTIVES To discuss methods of preservation of treatment fidelity in health behavior change trials conducted in public health contexts. METHODS The treatment fidelity framework provided by the National Institutes of Health's Behavioral Change Consortium includes five domains of treatment fidelity (Study Design, Training, Delivery, Receipt, and Enactment). A measure of treatment fidelity was...

For a controls experiment to be meaningful, it should provide knowledge that cannot be gained from theory or simulation. The authors maintain that the value of experiments is proportional to their fidelity to an industrial motivating problem. Without this, claims regarding the efficacy of a control method cannot be substantiated to any degree more than they could via simulation. The control of ...

a very stiff and a very weak, light support were used. Close correlation was obtained between body displacement and light support displacement; body motion greatly exceeded that of the stiff support. Single mass resonant frequency was set by the dorsal skin stiffness when the support was very stiff and by the support stiffness when the light support was used. With both supports the body exhibit...

Many training applications of virtual environments (VE’s) require people to be able to transfer spatial knowledge acquired in a VE to a real world situation. Using the concept of fidelity, we examine the variables that mediate the transfer of spatial knowledge and discuss the form and development of spatial representations in VE training. We report the results of an experiment in which groups w...

Two measures of fidelity are proposed for postselecting devices, the retrodictive conditional probability that the state in the measurement arm is the one indicated by the detectors, and the probability that the device produces the state that it would produce if working perfectly. The first is the natural quantity that one wishes to maximise to improve the device operation. The second correspon...